10/02/2026
Happy ! Today we’re highlighting the white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), also known as the snow quail.
The white-tailed ptarmigan is a member of Phasianidae, which includes grouse, pheasants, turkeys, and peafowl. They are the smallest species of grouse in North America, just about the size of a crow. These birds live year-round in northwest regions of North America including British Columbia, Alaska, and Washington (see range map on slide 3).
They live at high elevations, primarily in alpine habitats with rocky landscapes. They are the only North American bird to live in the high mountains year-round, for their entire lives. In the coldest parts of winter, these alpine birds will conserve energy by roosting in snowbanks and limiting their movement. Their bodies are very cold adapted, with thick, fluffy feathers. They even have feathered feet to safely walk in the snow.
White-tailed ptarmigan are known for incredible camouflage that changes with the seasons. They are completely white against the snow in their non-breeding season. When the snow melts and exposes the rocks, they molt into inconspicuous brown-and-white mottled birds (slide 1: female breeding plumage, slide 2: male breeding plumage). The name “white-tailed” comes from the fact that their tail feathers remain white all year, unlike other ptarmigan species.
Plant matter composes most of the white-tailed ptarmigan diet. They travel to windswept areas where vegetation is exposed. They forage short tundra plants, scratching at bare ground for seeds and nipping buds, flowers, and fruits with their sharp beaks. They also catch insects when available in the warmer months.
Information and range map: https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-tailed_Ptarmigan/overview
Molly Murr took these pictures at Mount Ranier National Park in Washington!