10/27/2026
🌾 With how the weather has been this year, it's going to be a VERY tough year for hay! So we'd like to take a minute to talk about - FOXTAIL.
🤔 What is foxtail?
Foxtail grasses and grains belong to several primary species and cultivars, divided into wild/w**dy foxtails (primarily Setaria and Hordeum species) and cultivated foxtail millet or forage varieties.
Foxtail seed heads (often called seed pods) are highly dangerous to horses and other animals due to their physical structure. While the immature green leaves of the foxtail plant are harmless, the mature seed heads feature tiny, stiff bristles called awns. These awns are lined with microscopic, backward-pointing barbs that act like a drywall anchor: once they pierce soft tissue, they cannot move backward and instead work their way deeper into the flesh.
⚠️ Primary Health Risks
Horses rarely eat standing foxtail in a pasture if they have other grazing options, so exposure most frequently occurs through contaminated hay.
Oral Ulcers and "Hay Blisters": The barbs embed heavily in the horse's gums, inner lips, tongue, and cheeks. This mechanical trauma causes deep, agonizing ulcers, lesions, and severe inflammation.
Tissue Migration and Abscesses: Because the barbs only move forward, they can burrow deep into oral tissues, leading to severe secondary bacterial infections and abscesses.
Gastrointestinal and Eye Damage: If swallowed, they can irritate the lower digestive tract. If a horse rubs its face against contaminated hay, the awns can lodge behind the eyelids, causing painful corneal ulcers or blindness.
🔍 Symptoms to Watch For
If a horse has ingested foxtail seed heads, it may show the following signs:
Excessive salivation (drooling, frothing, or foaming at the mouth).
Difficulty chewing or "quidding" (dropping partially chewed wads of hay).
Reluctance to eat hay or a total lack of appetite, though they may still attempt to eat softer feeds.
Behavioral changes such as tossing the head, rubbing the muzzle obsessively, or suddenly resisting the bit.
Foul mouth odor (halitosis) from trapped bacteria and infected tissue.
🛠️ Action and Prevention
If you notice these symptoms, immediately stop feeding the current batch of hay. Mild cases often resolve on their own once the source is removed and the horse's body naturally expels the remaining barbs. However, severe infestations require a veterinarian to sedate the horse, manually flush and pull out the embedded awns, and prescribe antiseptic mouth rinses or antibiotics.
To protect your horses, thoroughly inspect all hay bales before purchasing or feeding them. Look for seed heads that resemble tiny bottle-brushes or miniature fox tails. In pastures, practice strict w**d management by mowing fields before foxtail grasses can mature and drop their seeds.