
03/11/2025
Xylitol (aka birch sugar) is a sugar substitute found in sugar-free gums and peanut butter. It is interesting and frustrating in that it poses two levels of toxicity.
Within 10-15 minutes, severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can result in weakness, wobbliness, seizures, and death. It takes as little as 100mg/kg body weight, so even 1 piece of chewing gum in a small dog can prove deadly!
From 10 hrs to 3 days later (with or without hypoglycemia), acute liver necrosis can occur. Depression, vomiting and diarrhea, jaundice, bleeding issues, and death are the main clinical signs associated with the liver.
Fluids, supportive care, and liver-detoxifying medications are the mainstay of treatment. The earlier and more aggressive, the better!
The prognosis for xylitol toxicity is fair to guarded with rapid identification and treatment. As with any toxin, avoidance is the best prevention