10/24/2025
This is a great reminder with Halloween coming up.
Lil Dude is here with an article about Chocolate Toxicity, written by one of our Doctors, Dr.Moulin 🍫🎃
One of the most common toxicities in dogs and less commonly in cats is chocolate ingestion. Dogs and cats cannot metabolize chocolate in the same way people can, so keeping chocolate in a secure location out of your pet’s reach is essential.
The main toxic components found in chocolate are caffeine and theobromine. These both cause stimulation of the central nervous system and heart. They also act as diuretics, which can quickly lead to dehydration. Dogs can also be at risk for developing vomiting and diarrhea or even pancreatitis because many chocolate products are high in fat and sugar.
The amount of theobromine and caffeine in a chocolate product varies, but generally, the darker the chocolate, the higher the risk to your pets. The potential for toxicity is highest in cocoa powder, followed by unsweetened (baker’s) chocolate, semisweet and sweet dark chocolate, and milk chocolate. For this reason, even ingesting small amounts, especially in a smaller dog, should be treated as an emergency.
The clinical signs seen are based on the amount of chocolate ingested and the dog's size. Signs can occur 2-12 hours after ingestion and can last 12-36 hours, sometimes longer in severe toxicities. Signs of chocolate toxicity may include the following:
Vomiting Diarrhea Increased thirst and urination Restlessness Fast breathing Increased heart rate or irregular heart rhythm Hyperexcitability Tremors Incoordination Seizures Fever Coma
Treatment for chocolate toxicity depends on the amount ingested and the clinical signs displayed by the animal. First line treatment involves induction of vomiting if ingestion is within a couple of hours and calling either the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Hotline or Pet Poison Helpline to determine how much of a toxic dose was ingested.
Treatment for chocolate toxicity may include admitting to a hospital for any of the following care:
-Induce vomiting
-Antinausea medications
-IV fluids Medications to stop tremors
-Medications for elevated heart rates
-Medication to stop seizures
-Urinary catheterization or frequent walking to encourage urination
The outcome of chocolate toxicity depends on the amount and type ingested based on the dog’s weight and how promptly treatment was initiated. Delaying treatment from the time a dog eats chocolate can worsen the associated clinical signs and worsen the prognosis. This is the reason why seeking veterinary care is critical for a good outcome from chocolate ingestion.
Dr. Karen Moulin works at Brijon Veterinary Urgent Care. She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and completed an internship specializing in emergency and critical care. She has extensive experience in emergency, critical care and urgent care medicine. Her interest includes hiking with her husband Peter in New Hampshire with their three dogs Suzette (chihuahua), Little Dude (toy poodle) and Addie (standard poodle).