06/03/2026
Skin Disease
Dermatitis or skin disease in animals can be the result of parasites (fleas, lice, mites), allergies, chemicals, burns (chemical or heat), bacteria, fungal, hormonal (thyroid, Cushing’s disease), skin cancer, or hereditary (inherited skin disorders). Dermatitis occurs over a period of days to weeks or can develop slowly over several months. It can be seen as excessive scratching, hair loss (patchy or symmetrical), scaling, oozing sores, blisters, and/or crusting. If the skin condition is severe enough, a bacterial infection will develop.
Ignoring skin problems will only delay treatment. It is important to have your pet looked at when you first notice the problem. A thorough history needs to be given to your veterinarian - when did you first notice the problem, has it become worse, is it worse when your pet is inside versus outside, what does your pet eat, do other animals in the household have the same skin condition? In addition, your veterinarian should know of any treatments or medications your pet has had. All these things need to be taken into consideration so that an accurate diagnosis can be made. A thorough exam by your veterinarian will be performed - including a general exam, looking at the hair and skin, and looking for any lesions on the skin. A skin scrape or skin biopsy may be performed to help in the diagnosis of the skin condition. It may even be necessary to have bloodwork done to determine any underlying health problems. Once a diagnosis has been made, your veterinarian will choose the most appropriate treatment.
If parasites are found, they need to be treated with insecticides. You should always consult your veterinarian before using any product on the young, the old, or a pet with health problems. Some insecticides can be harmful if used on these animals.
Animals that develop allergies can be very frustrating to treat. These animals may itch a lot and develop redness on the skin, especially in areas where there is not much hair. It is important to know what their diet is, what kind of bedding they have, and whether the problem is seasonal (warm months versus cold months). Many times, allergies are seasonal. When a seasonal allergy is diagnosed, treatment is usually needed during that particular time of the year. You may also have to keep your pet indoors more during that time of year. Allergies can be diagnosed through skin testing, eliminating certain foods, or eliminating possible sources of allergens.
Bacterial infections can appear as open weeping wounds, small lesions, or pustules. They can be severe enough to cause an allergic reaction. It is important to get bacterial infections diagnosed early as they are easier to treat and further complications can be avoided. Fungal infections (hair loss, dry skin) should be diagnosed when they are first noticed. These infections often require that a culture be performed. Fungal infections can be very difficult to treat, even in the early stages.
Hormonal problems are often difficult to diagnose (weight gain, loss of hair, or change in attitude). Bloodwork should be done to properly diagnose a hormone imbalance. Medication is available for most of the common hormonal problems.
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