06/12/2025
S stands for stenotic nares, soft palate elongation, stenosis (or hyperplasia) of the trachea, and all of these are symptoms of Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome (or BOAS).
Brachycephalic is a term used for breeds with a short, or pushed-in, face. Breeds that are considered brachycephalic include Pugs, Boston Terriers, Bulldogs, and others. The selective breeding has caused shortened faces and other anatomic challenges.
One genetic conformational change that affects their breathing is stenotic nares- the narrowing of the nostrils. This can lead to difficulty breathing through the noses, and cause increase in open-mouth breathing and panting.
Another genetic abnormality in the syndrome is a more narrow trachea. This tracheal hypoplasia can further contribute to breathing challenges.
Their soft palate, which is the tissue that separates the nasal passage from the oral airway, may also be elongated and thickened. It can hang over the airway, obstructing the ability to breathe, and causing the snoring and snorting noises that many people associate with brachycephalic breeds.
All of these difficulties, depending on their severity, can cause the airways to become chronically inflamed and swollen.
If we add challenges like obesity, stress, heat, or excitement, we can see worsening respiratory distress and overheating. This can be quite dangerous and even deadly.
Many of these genetic abnormalities can be surgically repaired, and owners are encouraged to do so earlier in life to avoid worsening of symptoms.
We love our brachycephalic breeds, especially their normally sweet and happy behavior! We encourage prospective pet owners to seek out pets that are bred for health (and a longer nose, or ‘stop’) instead of appearance. These breeds can be very expensive to maintain and care for. Along with all other pets, we strongly encourage pet insurance for all brachycephalic puppies!
