03/14/2025
From the Public Domain Review - Illustrations from Maria Sibylla Merian’s stunning Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium (1705), a compilation of sixty elaborate engravings of insects and their floral environs which the naturalist encountered on her travels to the Dutch colony Surinam.
Nestled within the pages, we find a fragmentary understanding of indigenous knowledge, the morsels of information which were shared with Merian by members of the enslaved population. Through her interactions, Merian documented indigenous plant names, as well as their traditional medicinal uses, including use of peacock flower (or red bird of paradise) seeds as a natural abortifacient. Merian understood the painful depth and breadth of the abortifacient’s importance while writing Metamorphosis:
“The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves.”
Merian returned to Amsterdam in 1701, opening a shop to sell her specimens and engravings. In 1705, Metamorphosis was published. Her engravings served as one of the first natural histories of Suriname, while her depictions of butterflies helped dispel the myth that insects were spontaneously generated out of mud and standing water. As Metamorphosis was shepherded through several editions and translations following Merian’s death in 1717, her work gained a larger audience. In spite of this, the medicinal use of the peacock flower was seemingly ignored. Instead, the plant became increasingly popular as an eye-catching, uncomplicated, ornamental shrub.