12/10/2025
Over-arousal The ball will fly when you step up on the matts. What’s going on when pattern recognition goes dim? Why did this pup go from 9 seconds to 52 seconds to hit the mark?
Regardless of species, any type of reinforcer can lose effectiveness when it evokes over-arousal. This is a snippet showing how the chosen reinforcer (getting to chase a ball) has taken this pup into over-arousal and thereby affects her cognitive ability to quickly repeat the behavior.
Some people are aware that aversive reinforcers can cause over-arousal, but few understand that appetitive reinforcers can as well. Over-arousal indicators can be subtle and not easily recognized because of different personalities. Few people realize that diminished cognition is included in the list of reactive signs and behaviors.