01/21/2026
This is long but well worth the read. Definitely applicable to Cattle Dogs and raising a puppy correctly.
Training vs Temperament: The Bit Everyone Gets Wrong (And Then Blames the Dog For)
Thereâs a sentence I hear weekly, sometimes daily and it usually arrives with the confidence of someone whoâs watched three TikToks and once owned a Labrador.
âHeâs just got a bad temperament.â
Or the cousin of that one:
âSheâs stubborn.â
âHeâs dominant.â
âSheâs got attitude.â
âHeâs mental.â (A personal favourite.)
And look⌠sometimes, yes,?a dog is wired a certain way.
But more often than not, the issue isnât âbad temperamentâ.
Itâs misunderstood temperament, paired with inconsistent training, soaked in human emotion, and served daily with a side of âhe knows betterâ.
So letâs clear up the confusion properly, because understanding training vs temperament is one of the fastest ways to stop wasting time, stop blaming the dog, and start making real progress.
What Is Temperament, Really?
Temperament is a dogâs default operating system.
Itâs the dogâs baseline tendencies in areas like:
⢠confidence vs worry
⢠sociability vs neutrality
⢠sensitivity vs resilience
⢠intensity vs steadiness
⢠impulsivity vs self-control
⢠reactivity vs stability
⢠drive levels (food, prey, play, hunt, etc.)
⢠stress response (fight, flight, freeze, fidget)
Temperament is not a behaviour.
Temperament is the tendency behind behaviour.
If behaviour is the headlineâŚ
Temperament is the editor deciding what gets printed.
Some of temperament is genetic, some is developmental, and some is shaped by early experience. But the key point is this:
Temperament sets the range⌠training sets the outcome.
Think of temperament like the engine and suspension in a car.
Training is the driver and the steering wheel.
A powerful engine doesnât automatically crash the carâŚ
but it does mean youâd better stop driving like youâre on a Sunday stroll to the garden centre.
What Training Is (And What It Isnât)
Training is the process of teaching the dog:
⢠what matters
⢠what doesnât
⢠how to respond
⢠when to respond
⢠how to regulate themselves
⢠how to handle pressure
⢠what the rules are
⢠what âgood choicesâ look like
Training is not just commands.
Training is not âsitâ, âdownâ, and âpawâ for visitors.
Training is a dog learning:
âIn this world, there are clear expectations, fair boundaries, and predictable outcomes.â
Thatâs what creates stability.
And stability is what most people are actually trying to get when they say:
âI just want him calmer.â
The Big Confusion: Temperament Doesnât Excuse Lack of Training
Hereâs where owners (and frankly, some trainers) go wrong:
They treat temperament like a sentence, instead of a starting point.
So a dog who is naturally more suspicious becomes:
⢠âaggressiveâ
⢠âbad temperedâ
⢠âunpredictableâ
A dog who is naturally intense becomes:
⢠ânaughtyâ
⢠âhyperâ
⢠âout of controlâ
A dog who is naturally soft becomes:
⢠âanxiousâ
⢠âbrokenâ
⢠âneeds constant reassuranceâ
Then people either:
1. Over-correct the dog (crush confidence), or
2. Over-comfort the dog (reward the meltdown), or
3. Avoid everything (teach the dog that the world is terrifying)
All three are excellent ways to turn a manageable temperament into a full-time lifestyle problem.
Temperament isnât the enemy.
Ignoring it is.
Why Temperament Matters (A Lot More Than People Think)
Temperament affects:
1) How quickly your dog learns
Not intelligence, learning speed under pressure.
A confident dog can shrug off a mistake and try again.
A sensitive dog can have one âbad momentâ and decide the entire exercise is cursed.
2) How your dog handles stress
Some dogs recover quickly.
Others hold stress like a grudge and bring it up again three days later.
Stress recovery is massively temperament-related, and it changes everything: recall, lead walking, greetings, separation, reactivity, even bite risk.
3) How your dog responds to correction and feedback
Two dogs can receive the same feedback and interpret it completely differently.
⢠One goes: âFair enough.â
⢠The other goes: âI have been emotionally wounded and will be writing about this in my diary.â
If you train every dog the same way, you will either over-pressure the soft dog or under-direct the hard dog.
4) What motivates your dog
Motivation isnât âfood or toyâ.
Itâs also:
⢠novelty
⢠movement
⢠conflict
⢠social interaction
⢠control
⢠avoidance
⢠hunting/foraging behaviours
Temperament influences whether a dog finds value in praise, play, food, or âdoing their own thingâ.
5) What the dog finds ârewardingâ (even when you donât)
Some dogs find barking rewarding.
Some find chasing rewarding.
Some find ignoring you rewarding.
Some find being a complete menace in the garden deeply fulfilling.
If you donât understand temperament, youâll accidentally pay the dog in the currency they love most: adrenaline, control, and chaos.
Training Can Change Behaviour, But It Doesnât Rewrite Genetics
This is an important truth, especially for handlers and trainers:
Training can massively improve outcomes.
But training does not remove a dogâs factory settings.
A border collie isnât going to stop noticing movement.
A malinois isnât going to become âlow energyâ because you gave it a chew.
A spaniel isnât going to stop scanning for scent because you asked politely.
A guardian breed isnât going to become socially optimistic after three group classes and a pep talk.
That doesnât mean theyâre âbad dogsâ.
It means they are honest dogs.
And honest dogs require honest handling.
The Three Layers That Shape a Dog
To understand training vs temperament properly, think in three layers:
Layer 1: Genetics (Temperament & Drives)
This is the dogâs wiring.
Layer 2: Early Experience (Socialisation & Development)
This shapes confidence, neutrality, and coping skills.
Layer 3: Training & Lifestyle (Rules, Structure, Rehearsal)
This decides whether the dog becomes stable or chaotic.
Most people obsess over Layer 3 and ignore Layers 1 and 2⌠then get confused when the dog doesnât behave like the labradoodle from Instagram.
The Human Problem: We Train the Behaviour But Ignore the Emotion Behind It
Dogs donât just do things.
They do things because they feel something.
The behaviour is often a coping strategy.
For example:
⢠lunging = âI canât handle this proximity.â
⢠barking = âI need space / I want engagement / Iâm overloaded.â
⢠stealing = âThis is my hobby now.â
⢠jumping up = âIâve learnt this is the fastest way to get a response.â
⢠ignoring recall = âYour offer isnât competitive today.â
Temperament influences what emotional state the dog lives in most easily:
⢠some are naturally calm
⢠some are naturally busy
⢠some are naturally suspicious
⢠some are naturally social
⢠some are naturally intense
Training must work with that, not against it.
The Dog Doesnât Need âMore Socialisingâ It Needs Better Neutrality
Letâs address the word that ruins dogs faster than bad breeders:
Socialisation.
Most owners think socialisation means:
âMy dog must meet everything.â
Thatâs how you create a dog who canât cope with not meeting everything.
Neutrality is a temperament stabiliser.
Neutrality is the ability to exist in the world without needing to interact with it.
And neutrality is trained.
If youâve got a naturally intense dog, neutrality training is not optional, itâs oxygen.
Temperament Types Youâll See (And How Training Should Change)
1) The âBig Feelingsâ Dog (Sensitive / Responsive)
These dogs donât need harsher correction.
They need:
⢠clarity
⢠calm feedback
⢠predictable routines
⢠confidence-building reps
⢠exposure done properly
⢠downtime and decompression
The mistake people make is either tip-toeing around them or getting frustrated.
Both create instability.
Train them with quiet confidence.
2) The âIâll Do What I Wantâ Dog (Independent / Hard)
These dogs donât need you to beg or bargain.
They need:
⢠structure
⢠consequence
⢠firm boundaries
⢠meaningful reinforcement
⢠clear release cues
⢠purposeful work
The mistake people make is giving them too much freedom too soon.
That dog isnât being âstubbornâ.
Itâs being unemployed.
And unemployed dogs invent hobbies.
3) The âNuclear Reactorâ Dog (High Drive / Intense)
These dogs often look like they need more exercise.
Sometimes they donât.
Sometimes they need:
⢠impulse control
⢠enforced rest
⢠stimulation that ends cleanly
⢠engagement on the handler
⢠structured outlets (scent, retrieve, tug done properly)
If you just run them harder, you often create a fitter lunatic with better cardio.
4) The âWorrierâ Dog (Cautious / Suspicious)
These dogs can become brilliant.
But they need:
⢠leadership
⢠controlled exposure
⢠calm handling
⢠space when needed
⢠training that builds confidence through success
The mistake people make is forcing them into the deep end or constantly soothing them.
If you comfort the panic, you train the panic.
If you overwhelm the dog, you confirm the fear.
Your job is to be the steady centre of the storm, not another tornado with a lead.
When Temperament Looks Like a Training Issue (And When It Isnât)
Hereâs a useful line for trainers:
Training problems improve with skill and repetition.
Temperament problems improve with skilful lifestyle changes and long-term consistency.
If the dog can do the behaviour perfectly at home but falls apart outsideâŚ
That often isnât âdisobedienceâ.
Itâs temperament + arousal + environment.
The dog hasnât failed training.
The environment has exceeded the dogâs coping range today.
And the answer isnât to shout louder.
Itâs to scale the work properly.
The Most Dangerous Combination: High Drive + Low Clarity
If you want a recipe for chaos, itâs this:
⢠dog with high drive/intensity
⢠owner with low structure
⢠lots of freedom
⢠inconsistent boundaries
⢠emotional reactions
⢠random reinforcement (accidental rewarding)
That dog ends up running the household like itâs been elected Prime Minister.
And unlike the real thing, it doesnât step down.
What Owners Can Do to Improve Temperament Outcomes
You canât swap your dogâs temperament for another one.
But you can massively improve how it shows up.
1) Build predictability
Dogs relax when the world makes sense.
Consistent rules reduce stress.
Routine reduces frantic scanning.
2) Stop letting the dog rehearse chaos
Rehearsal creates habit.
If your dog practises:
⢠exploding at the window
⢠lunging on lead
⢠ignoring recall
⢠stealing socks
⢠digging like itâs on a mission to China
âŚit will get better at those things.
Management isnât giving in.
Management is preventing unwanted rehearsals while training catches up.
3) Teach a proper âoff switchâ
Temperament may come with intensity.
But intensity without an off switch becomes a lifestyle hazard.
This is where owners misunderstand calmness.
Calm isnât a mood.
Calm is a skill.
And you can train it.
4) Reward the right state, not just the right behaviour
A dog can sit while mentally screaming.
Rewarding the sit doesnât mean youâve rewarded calmness.
Look for:
⢠slower breathing
⢠soft body
⢠disengagement from triggers
⢠neutral observation
⢠recovery speed after stimulation
Train the state.
5) Match the dogâs outlets to the dogâs wiring
A herding dog may need:
⢠structured movement games
⢠impulse control around motion
⢠toy play with rules
A hound may need:
⢠tracking
⢠scent games
⢠long-line freedom with guidance
A terrier may need:
⢠hunt games
⢠tug with control
⢠brain work that challenges persistence
Stop trying to turn working dogs into ornaments.
Ornamental dogs should be bought in a shop and dusted weekly.
The Trainerâs Job: Donât Label the Dog, Read the Dog
This is where good trainers separate themselves from shouty âobedience onlyâ merchants.
If you label a dog as:
⢠dominant
⢠stubborn
⢠aggressive
⢠naughty
⢠reactive
âŚwithout identifying the underlying temperament, motivation, and stress responseâŚ
youâll train the wrong thing.
Instead, ask:
⢠What is the dog trying to achieve?
⢠What does the dog believe works?
⢠What does the dog find rewarding?
⢠What does the dog find stressful?
⢠Does the dog recover quickly?
⢠What happens if the handler adds pressure?
⢠What happens if the handler removes pressure?
⢠What does the dog do when unsure?
Temperament assessment should come before a training plan.
Otherwise youâre just guessing⌠with confidence⌠which is how most dog training advice is born.
The Dog Isnât âGiving You a Hard Timeâ Itâs Having a Hard Time (Sometimes)
Important distinction:
Some dogs are being cheeky.
Some dogs are overwhelmed.
Some dogs are confused.
Some dogs are simply undertrained.
Your job isnât to assume one story.
Your job is to read whatâs in front of you and respond like a professional, not a Facebook comment section.
Temperament Isnât an Excuse, Itâs the Blueprint
If you take nothing else from this article, take this:
Temperament tells you what the dog needs.
Training teaches the dog how to live with those needs in a human world.
Ignore temperament and you will:
⢠set unrealistic expectations
⢠use the wrong motivators
⢠apply the wrong pressure
⢠train too fast
⢠blame the dog for being a dog
Understand temperament and you can:
⢠build a fair plan
⢠progress at the right speed
⢠create stability
⢠reduce stress
⢠get reliable behaviour in the real world
And best of allâŚ
You stop shouting âHe knows better!â
at a dog whoâs never actually been taught better.
(And even if he has⌠he might not be able to access it when his brainâs doing backflips.)
Final Thought: Train the Dog Youâve Got, Not the One You Imagined
Your dog isnât here to match your fantasy.
Itâs here to be guided.
Your job is leadership, structure, and skill.
Not vibes.
Not wishful thinking.
And definitely not âheâll grow out of it.â
Because most dogs donât âgrow out of itââŚ
They grow into it and get very good at it.
If you want to improve behaviour long-term, stop training the dog like itâs neutral when it isnât, stop excusing temperament like itâs a curse, and start building a plan that respects the dogâs wiring while shaping its choices.
Thatâs how you get a dog thatâs not just obedientâŚ
âŚbut stable, confident, and actually enjoyable to live with.
