
15/04/2025
Knuckling in Calves (Flexural Limb Deformity)
Knuckling is a condition in calves where the toe or fetlock bends under due to excessive flexion at the fetlock or carpal joint. It usually affects the front limbs but can also occur in the hind limbs.
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Causes:
1. Congenital (present at birth):
Inherited defects
Improper position in the uterus
Overfeeding of the pregnant dam (excess energy/protein)
Maternal deficiency of minerals or vitamins (e.g., Selenium, Vitamin E)
2. Acquired (develops later):
Trauma to tendons or joints
Nerve damage (e.g., radial or peroneal nerve)
Selenium/Vitamin E deficiency
Infections affecting muscles/joints
Rapid growth in large breeds
Prolonged lying down after birth
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Symptoms:
Calf stands/walks on the front (dorsal) side of the hoof
Flexed fetlock joint
Difficulty in standing or walking
Swollen or stiff joints
Abnormal gait or lameness
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Diagnosis:
Clinical observation of gait and joint angles
Physical palpation to assess joint/tendon condition
X-rays to check for bone deformities
Neurological tests for nerve damage
Blood tests to detect mineral/vitamin deficiencies
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Treatment:
Mild Cases:
Physical therapy & controlled exercise
Corrective hoof trimming
Nutritional supplements (Selenium, Vitamin E)
Moderate to Severe Cases:
Splinting or bandaging for joint support
Casting for 7–10 days in correct alignment
NSAIDs to reduce pain and inflammation
Neurological Cases:
Treat the root cause (trauma, infection)
Supportive care for nerve recovery
Surgical Option:
Tenotomy (tendon transection) in persistent or severe cases
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Early detection and proper treatment can greatly improve outcomes. Always consult a veterinarian for accurate diagnosis and care.