Latif Son's Veterinary clinic

Latif Son's Veterinary clinic ہر قسم کے ویٹرنری معلومات کے لیے فیج کو فالواور لائک کریں۔
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11/08/2025

*Continuous Salivation in Cattle*
Continuous salivation in cattle can be caused by various factors, including:

*Oral/Pharyngeal Causes*
1. *Foreign bodies*: Objects stuck in the mouth or pharynx.
2. *Stomatitis*: Inflammation of the mouth, potentially caused by vesicular stomatitis or foot-and-mouth disease.
3. *Actinobacillosis*: A bacterial infection causing "wooden tongue."
4. *Actinomycosis*: A bacterial infection causing "lumpy jaw."
5. *Oral ulcerations*: Trauma, chemical burns, or photosensitization.
6. *Dental disease*: Tooth root abscess or malocclusion.

*Neurological Causes*
1. *Facial nerve paralysis*: Damage to the facial nerve.
2. *Rabies*: A viral disease affecting the nervous system.
3. *Listeriosis*: A bacterial infection affecting the nervous system.

*Toxic Causes*
1. *Organophosphate or carbamate poisoning*: Exposure to certain pesticides.
2. *Cyanide poisoning*: Exposure to certain plants or substances.

*Esophageal Disorders*
1. *Choke*: Partial or complete obstruction of the esophagus.
2. *Megaesophagus*: Enlargement of the esophagus.

*Systemic/Infectious Diseases*
1. *Malignant catarrhal fever*: A viral disease.
2. *Bluetongue*: A viral disease.
3. *Rinderpest*: A historical viral disease.

*Diagnosis*
1. *History*: Onset, duration, exposure to toxins, feed type, and herd involvement.
2. *Physical examination*: Inspecting the oral cavity, palpating the tongue and gums, and checking for obstructions.

*Treatment*
1. *Address underlying cause*: Soft, palatable feed, NSAIDs for pain and inflammation, and maintaining hydration.
2. *Herd-level measures*: Isolating contagious cases and improving pasture management.

*Conclusion*
Continuous salivation in cattle requires identifying and addressing the underlying cause. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications.

11/08/2025

*Egg Incubation Periods for Various Bird Species*
- *Turkey*: 28 days
- *Quail*: 16-23 days
- *Japanese quail*: 17-18 days
- *Bobwhite quail*: 23 days
- *Duck*: 28 days
- *Muscovy duck*: 35 days
- *Chicken*: 21 days
- *Goose*: 28-35 days
- *Lighter breeds*: 28-30 days
- *Larger breeds*: 32-35 days
- *Guinea Fowl*: 26-28 days
- *Peafowl*: 28-30 days
- *Ostrich*: 42-46 days
- *Pheasant*: 22-29 days
- *Typical incubation period*: 23-25 days
- *Chukar*: 23-25 days

*Incubation Conditions*
- *Temperature*: 99-100.5°F (37.2-38°C)
- *Humidity*: 50-55% for the first 18 days, then 65-70% for the last 3 days

*Importance of Proper Incubation*
Maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels during incubation is crucial for successful hatching. Regular egg turning, especially during the first 18 days, also plays a significant role in embryo development .

11/08/2025

Cattle rabies is a deadly viral disease that attacks the nervous system, transmitted primarily through bites or saliva from infected animals like dogs, cats, foxes, and bats. Here are key points to know:

*Transmission:*

- Occurs through bites or contact with infected saliva
- Virus travels through nerves to the brain, causing symptoms

*Symptoms:*

- *Furious Form:*
- Irritability, restlessness, and unusual behavior
- Headbutting, kicking, or attacking suddenly
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Excessive salivation
- Repeated vocalizations
- Fear of water (hydrophobia)
- *Dumb or Paralytic Form:*
- Weakness or paralysis starting from the hind legs
- Refusal to eat or drink
- Reduced movement and alertness
- Eventually leads to respiratory failure and death

*Diagnosis:*

- History of bite or exposure to a suspicious animal
- Clear clinical signs like aggression, salivation, paralysis
- Laboratory test: Detection of Negri bodies in brain tissue after death

*Prevention:*

- *Vaccination:* All cattle should be vaccinated annually
- *Control of Source Animals:*
- Vaccinate stray dogs and potential carriers
- Isolate suspicious or infected animals
- Monitor livestock regularly for signs
- *Post-Exposure Prophylaxis:*
- Wash wounds immediately with soap and clean water
- Start anti-rabies vaccination as advised by a veterinarian
- Consider Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) in some cases

*Precautions for Humans:*

- Wear gloves when handling infected or suspicious cattle
- Wash affected areas thoroughly after exposure to saliva or blood
- Get anti-rabies injection immediately and consult a doctor

*Key Takeaway:* Rabies is 100% preventable through timely vaccination and safety measures. Protect your cattle and family by taking prompt action .

11/08/2025

𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐚
- *Local Anesthesia:* Numbs a specific area of the body.
- *Examples:* Lidocaine, benzocaine
- *Regional Anesthesia:* Numbs a larger area of the body.
- *Examples:* Epidural anesthesia, nerve blocks
- *General Anesthesia:* Induces unconsciousness and immobility.
- *Examples:* Isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol
- *Sedation:* Relaxes the animal without inducing unconsciousness.
- *Examples:* Acepromazine, midazolam

*Injectable Anesthetics*
- *Propofol:* Used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
- *Ketamine:* Used for sedation and anesthesia.
- *Barbiturates:* Used for general anesthesia.

*Inhalant Anesthetics*
- *Isoflurane:* A commonly used inhalant anesthetic.
- *Sevoflurane:* Used for general anesthesia.
- *Desflurane:* Used for general anesthesia.

*Anesthetic Adjuncts*
- *Muscle Relaxants:* Used to relax muscles during surgery.
- *Analgesics:* Used to manage pain.
- *Anticholinergics:* Used to reduce salivation and bronchial secretions
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*ہم بھیڑ کے ناک سے کیڑے نکالتے ہیں – Oestrus ovis*یہ ایک *پیراسائٹک بیماری* ہے جو *Oestrus ovis* نامی مکھی کی وجہ سے ہوت...
11/08/2025

*ہم بھیڑ کے ناک سے کیڑے نکالتے ہیں – Oestrus ovis*

یہ ایک *پیراسائٹک بیماری* ہے جو *Oestrus ovis* نامی مکھی کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے۔ مادہ مکھی اپنے زندہ لاروا (کیڑے) براہِ راست بھیڑ کے *ناک میں پھینکتی ہے*۔ یہ لاروا ناک کی جھلی پر چپک جاتے ہیں اور *ناک، سائنوسز اور ماتھے کی ہڈیوں* میں داخل ہوکر اگلے مراحل (2nd اور 3rd stage) میں نشوونما پاتے ہیں۔ بعد میں یہ *چھینک اور ناک بہنے* کے ذریعے باہر نکلتے ہیں۔

یہ کیڑے جہاں داخل ہوتے ہیں وہاں *جلن، سوزش* اور جھلی کو نقصان پہنچاتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے ناک سے زیادہ مقدار میں رطوبت خارج ہوتی ہے۔ بعض اوقات یہ کیڑے *دماغ تک پہنچ جاتے ہیں*، خاص طور پر جب لاروا تیسرے مرحلے میں آ جائے اور بڑا ہو جائے تو وہ ناک کے سوراخ سے باہر نہیں نکل پاتا۔

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*علامات:*

1. جانور *سر ہلاتا ہے* تاکہ کیڑوں سے نجات حاصل کر سکے، چھینکتا ہے اور *سر نیچے کر کے چارہ دان* کے قریب کرتا ہے۔
2. *ناک سے پانی، بلغم یا خون ملا بلغم* آتا ہے، اور ان میں کیڑے بھی نظر آ سکتے ہیں۔
3. *بخار نہیں ہوتا*۔
4. اگر جانور کے *ناک پر ہلکی سی چپت* ماری جائے تو کیڑا باہر نکل آتا ہے۔

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*علاج:*

اگر *اعصابی علامات* ظاہر ہوں (جیسے توازن بگڑ جائے)، تو متاثرہ جانور کو الگ کریں اور باقی ریوڑ کا علاج کریں۔
*Ivermectin* جیسے ادویات مؤثر ثابت ہوتی ہیں۔

✓ جلدی تشخیص اور مناسب دوا سے بیماری پر قابو پایا جا سکتا ہے۔
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Calving sign's
11/08/2025

Calving sign's

Cattle stomachs have four compartments: the rumen (large fermentation vat), the reticulum (honeycomb-like, traps large p...
11/08/2025

Cattle stomachs have four compartments: the rumen (large fermentation vat), the reticulum (honeycomb-like, traps large particles and hardware), the omasum (absorbs water and nutrients), and the abomasum (the "true" stomach that uses acids and enzymes for digestion). These specialized chambers allow ruminants to efficiently digest plant material through microbial fermentation, a process crucial for their nutrient absorption and energy production.

The Four Compartments
1. Rumen:
The largest compartment, the rumen acts as a fermentation vat where microbes break down tough plant fibers and grains, producing volatile fatty acids, the cow's main energy source.
2. Reticulum:
Also known as the "honeycomb stomach," the reticulum traps large feed particles and heavy or sharp objects, preventing them from moving further into the digestive system and potentially causing harm.
3. Omasum:
Resembling a bowling ball with dense folds, the omasum absorbs water and other water-soluble nutrients from the digesta.
4. Abomasum:
The abomasum is the "true stomach," similar to the single stomach of humans, where acid and enzymes are secreted to further break down proteins and prepare food for absorption in the small intestine.
How They Work Together
Ingested food first enters the rumen and reticulum, where larger particles are separated from smaller ones.
Smaller particles are sent to the omasum for water absorption, while larger particles are regurgitated and re-chewed (cud-chewing).
After fermentation and further breakdown in the rumen and reticulum, the digested material moves to the omasum and then the abomasum for final digestion.
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💢 ✔️ CORTICOSTEROIDS✔️ PROSTAGLANDINS✔️ ESTROGENS✔️ CAMBENDAZOLE✔️ ALBENDAZOLE- ✔️ L.A Over dose✔️ : Depends on d...
10/08/2025

💢
✔️ CORTICOSTEROIDS
✔️ PROSTAGLANDINS
✔️ ESTROGENS
✔️ CAMBENDAZOLE
✔️ ALBENDAZOLE
-
✔️ L.A Over dose

✔️ : Depends on dosage induces abortion in Goats

✔️

PGF2a: 5-10 mg IM abort 30+ hours later; can induce retained placenta

✔️
20 mg IM (induces placental estrogen production) given after day 141 of pregnancy

✔️
If not recommended
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🔴 Three-Day Sickness in Cattle (Bovine Ephemeral Fever) – More than just a fever!This insect-borne viral disease hits fa...
30/07/2025

🔴 Three-Day Sickness in Cattle (Bovine Ephemeral Fever) – More than just a fever!

This insect-borne viral disease hits fast and hard—often resolving in 2–3 days, but in severe cases, respiratory involvement can turn deadly.

🔍 Clinical Signs to Watch
1. Sudden high fever
2. Stiff gait, muscle tremors, reluctance to move
3. Heavy or open-mouth breathing
4. Nasal discharge, drooling
5. Sudden milk drop, weakness, and inability to stand

🫁 Why Does Respiratory Distress Happen?
🔬 Pathology:
1. Pulmonary edema from systemic inflammation → fluid in lungs
2. Hypocalcemia → weak respiratory muscles, labored breathing
3. Oxidative stress & muscle degeneration → diaphragm/muscle fatigue
4. Secondary bacterial pneumonia due to immune suppression
👉 These lead to oxygen deprivation, exhaustion, and in some cases—death.
💉 Treatment Approach
✅ NSAIDs (e.g., flunixin, meloxicam) – reduce inflammation
✅ Calcium borogluconate – correct hypocalcemia
✅ Fluids + electrolytes – prevent dehydration
✅ Broad-spectrum antibiotics – prevent/treat pneumonia
✅ Vitamin E + Selenium – support muscle recovery, reduce oxidative stress
✅ Rest, shade, soft bedding – assist recovery in downer animals
🚨 Prevention Tips
✔️ Insect control – reduce vector exposure
✔️ Supplement Vitamin E/Se in at-risk herds during high-risk seasons
⚠️ Early intervention is critical. Don’t ignore respiratory signs or recumbency—these may indicate severe, life-threatening complications.
📩 Follow Dr. Shanker VetVirtual Classes for more clinical insights and practical vet tips!

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ColicKeep following Latif Son's Veterinary clinic
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Colic
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pyoderma
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Bowl Syndrome
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