Vet expert

07/01/2024

𝗘𝗬𝗘𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗠 𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗢𝗚𝗦

Thelazia callipaeda is a spirurid of dogs, which can also be found in cats and wildlife such as foxes and hares.

🪱This parasite is transmitted by secretophagous fliesflies, which is a fruit fly that feeds on lachrymal secretions of mammals. It is zoonotic.

🪱Thelazia callipaeda has been reported in several parts of Europe and Asia,

🪱including China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand.

Clinical signs

🚨In most cases, T. callipaeda infection in dogs is asymptomatic, but clinical signs may include mild conjunctivitis, blepharitis, epiphora, periocular pruritus and, in severe cases, corneal oedema and keratitis (Fig 1).

🚨Blindness may eventually occur in severe cases that are left untreated.

Diagnosis

🔬Diagnosis is achieved by visual inspection and retrieval of adult worms in the eye of infected hosts.

🔬First-stage larvae of the parasite may also be found in ocular secretions.

expert@followersVet expert

19/12/2023

Long-day photoperiod for milking cows ( LDPP )Milking cows exposed to 16–18 hours of light with a brightness of 162–215 lux (15–20 ft -candles) followed by 6–8 hours of darkness have consistently increased their milk yield by 8%–10%.

10/12/2023

Liver flukes, or Fasciola hepatica, are small, flat, leaf-shaped worms making a big impact on cattle health. According to the Beef Cattle Institute, 5% of all cattle are infected - and the geographical areas impacted by the parasite are growing.

09/12/2023

Happy ! 🩺

Today, we recognize all veterinary professionals around the world for their compassion and dedication to helping animals 💚

👉 Please show your appreciation in the comments section!



VetVeterinary InformationtVet experto@followers

09/12/2023

09/12/2023

Parasites of Dog

07/12/2023

Today, we're talking about the koi sleepy disease syndrome.

The common carp is one of the most widely cultured freshwater fish. In 2019 global production included 4.5 million tons, of which 97% originated from aquaculture. Introduction of the virus has been shown to cause significant mortality and can also impact wild populations.

Restrictions on the movement of carp from farms and fisheries where the virus is known to occur can help limit the spread of the disease.

07/12/2023

Topographical Anatomy of Cow, Right Side

07/12/2023

07/12/2023

If you lack discipline, read this POST.

1. Define a clear goal.
Without a clear goal it is hard to define exactly what you want. Your mind doesn’t need an invitation to procrastinate. Begin to visualise what it is you really want. Writing down your goal will help to bring it into reality.

2. Establish a clear plan.
You may know what it is you want but if you don’t know how to achieve it, the chances are, you will fail. Outline a plan that breaks down each individual step you will need to attain your goal. Small steps lead to big changes.

3. Strengthen your self confidence.
One thing the successful in society all have in common is self confidence. You need to develop the mindset that you are good enough to achieve what you set out to, otherwise why even try ? You can do this.

4. Build habits.
Habits make life 10x easier. The more you have to think about what you’re doing the greater chance that your mind will start to wonder. Systems and habits remove the guessing and give you a clear step by step process to follow.

5. Evaluate your time.
You often hear people say “I don’t have time” when in reality they go to work then spend the rest of their night mindlessly scrolling. Plan out your day, there is enough time to enjoy yourself while also getting the important tasks done.

6. Start small.
Often when you lack discipline, it is down to thinking that you have to do it all at once. Learn to break down tasks into manageable pieces. You’ll find that you get more done and be pleasantly surprised at how much more enjoyable it is.

7. Look after yourself
Strong mental and physical health will aid in your battle to destroy a lack of self discipline. Develop a positive self talk process as well as making sure you eat well and exercise on a regular basis. Movement will help clear your mind.

8. Hold yourself accountable.
You can always ask friends or family to hold you accountable but what happens when they are not there ?

Best wishes 🌹

04/11/2023

Equine Beauty 😍

26/10/2023

DE PETITS RUMINANTS IN GOAT ( PPR)

Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels and wild small ruminants can also be affected.PPR is currently present in North, Central, West and East Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. It is caused by small ruminants morbillivirus in the genus Morbillivirus, and is closely related to, among others, rinderpest morbillivirus, measles morbillivirus, and canine morbillivirus (previously known as canine distemper virus). The disease is highly contagious, and can have an 80–100% mortality rate in acute cases in an epizootic setting. The virus does not infect humans.
The disease was first described in 1942 in Côte d'Ivoire, and has since been detected in more than 70 countries in the world.

In 2017, the disease was reported to be affecting saiga in Mongolia, causing near-catastrophic herd depletion for the endangered species.

In 2018, it was stated that the disease was reported to be in Bulgaria close to the border with Turkey.] In a flock of 540 sheep and goats, two animals tested positive and one died, with disease confirmed by only one laboratory without any further tests. (Peste de Petits Ruminants in Bulgaria 25 June 2018 Ref: VITT/1200 PPR in Bulgaria)

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS..

Symptoms are similar to those of rinderpest in cattle and involves oral necrosis, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, cough, pneumonia, and diarrhea,[8] though they vary according to the previous immune status of the sheep, the geographic location, the time of year, or if the infection is new or chronic. They also vary according to the breed of sheep. However, fever in addition to either diarrhea or signs of oral discomfort is sufficient to suspect the diagnosis. Incubation period is 3–5 days.

Hyperacute cases

Hyperacute cases are found dead without previous symptoms. They die with a serous, foamy, or haemorrhagic discharge

25/10/2023

𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Having a good software or program on a computer to help you keep track of your cattle’s records is essential to having a successful business/operation and a healthy cattle herd. Some cattlemen and women will use programs like Excel, Cattlemax, Agriweb, and other programs available. You will find that the more data you have to work with, will help you with your breakevens, cattle numbers, and operation as a whole.

While having a hand written record book is very good, having these records backed up on a program on a computer is a way to protect your data. It never hurts to have your records in two places.
Keep track of:
1. Health
2. Feeding
3. Calving Dates and Birth Weights
4. Weaning Dates and Weights
5. Vaccinations
6. Shots Given
7. Worming Amounts, Brand Used, and Dates
8. Yearling Dates and Weights
9. Selling weights and dates of calves, cows, or bulls
10. USDA Grades and Yield Scores of harvested cattle

Anything else you feel is necessary to benefit your operation and increase your profitability.

25/10/2023

(CCPP) is a severe disease affecting goats and some wild ruminant species, caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp).

signs
Affected animals normally have generalised signs such as depression, dullness, weakness and lethargy, pyrexia and weight loss and decreased production. They will also have respiratory signs including bilateral nasal discharge, dyspnoea, tachypnoea and coughing. Occasionally the only sign seen is sudden death.

pathological lesions
Lungs are normally a port wine colour and abundant pleural exudate and pleuritis and adhesions are common. The pleural exudates may have solidified forming a gelatinous covering.

and control

Macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones are active against M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. Disease incidence is reduced by good hygiene and husbandry practices.

08/06/2023

is a contagious bacterial disease that has a significant impact on the health of cattle and the general public. It is a widespread zoonosis that can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or the consumption of contaminated raw animal products.

Brucellosis is a significant threat to livestock because the bacterial infection has severe economic consequences that include decreased milk production, weight loss, abortion, infertility, and lameness.

06/01/2023

A teat fistula is a hole inside of the teat, through which milk leaks.


* If the fistula is small, it can be closed with silver nitrate sticks, scarifying the sides of the fistula and causing it to heal.
*Alternatively, if large, cut an elliptical incision around the fistula into the teat cistern and close as you would a
teat laceration.

06/01/2023

Of = Extras

The best time to remove supernumerary teats is before breeding (at Brucella vaccination). At this age no anesthesia, except tailing the heifer, is required.


Clamp onto the tip with a hemostat and pull down so you can visualize the teat udder junction. Cut longitudinally (cranial-caudal) not transversely. Longitudinal cuts leave less of a scar than transverse cuts

If in lactation, wait until the cow is dry. Do a local block at the base of the teat with about 10 mL lidocaine for anesthesia. Use a hemostat, elastrator band or emasculatome (Burdizzo) for hemostasis. Extra teats removed on adults might require suturing in a continuous pattern with 3-0 to 5-0 suture to prevent hemorrhage

04/01/2023

During these next few days of frigid temperatures it's critical to make sure cattle have access to fresh unfrozen water. Our pond and tanks got busted three times today to make sure they had plenty of opportunities to get a drink. When cattle are deprived of water for an extended period of time they are at risk for dehydration and sodium ion toxicosis also known as salt toxicity.

Feeding a ration with a mineral pack or allowing access to free choice mineral can exacerbate this condition if they do not have access to water. It's best that cattle have free choice access to water to consume it in small amounts and not all at one time. Cattle that have been deprived of water too long can show neurologic signs as a result of increased intracranial pressure which can become worse when cattle attempt to rehydrate too fast.

Death can occur from intravascular hemolysis of the red blood cells which is when water is returned to red blood cells after consuming large amounts of water all at one time. If they have been deprived for a long period offering only small amounts of water at a time can help prevent them from essentially drinking themselves to death.

Stay warm ya'll and keep them cows hydrated! 🥶 🧊 💧 🐄

28/12/2022

Problem: A new-born animal is not breathing.

Some new-born animals are very weak, especially after a difficult birth. They often have much fluid in their lungs that stops them breathing normally.

So after parturation you have to do these

1. If the baby is having difficulty breathing, hang it upside down. Rub the chest to make
any fluid in the lungs come out of the nose.

2. Lift the new-born animal up by the back
legs for a minute or so to let mucus and
fluid drain out from the lungs. You can
hold the back legs of a small animal
and swing it round to make mucus
come out of the nose.

3. Put the new-born animal over the back
of its mother with its head down to
help fluid drain out from the lungs.

4. Put a piece of dry grass up the baby
animal's nose. This makes it cough then
it starts breathing.

5. Make sure the baby animal sucks its
mother's teat as soon as possible. When
the mother feels a baby sucking, her
brain releases a hormone called oxytocin
into her blood that makes milk flow
from the udder. It also makes the uterus
contract and push the placenta out.

09/12/2022

Picture of the Day

05/12/2022

Brucellosis
Bovine brucellosis is a contagious disease of livestock typically caused by Brucella abortus which may also infect people. The disease is also known as “contagious abortion” or “Bang's disease” in livestock


The most obvious signs in pregnant cattle include *abortion,
* birth of weak calves,
* vaginal discharge
* fever,
* joint
* pain
* fatigue.


Generally, the antibiotics and are recommended in combination for a minimum of 6-8 weeks.

03/12/2022

Coccidiosis is a deadly disease that hampers chicken's productivity and welfare. Thus, the disease is a major menace to the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis which is caused by the apicomplexan parasite of the genus Eimeria has seven known species which affect the different parts of the intestinal tract of chickens


Common signs in infected flocks include
*reduced feed consumption,
* rapid weight loss,
* droopiness
* ruffled feathers,
* severe diarrhea.
* Wet droppings with mucus
* Clinical infections are seldom seen in poults >8 wk old. Morbidity and mortality may be high


The most popular treatment for coccidiosis is , which blocks the parasite's ability to uptake and multiply. Treatment is usually administered by adding Amprolium to the chickens' water supply, however in some cases, where sick chickens aren't eating or drinking enough, the medication is given orally.

23/11/2022

period and period

16/11/2022

How can farmers combat 🦠 🦠 in animals?

✅ Promote good husbandry
✅ Vaccinate against diseases
✅ Consult vets about medicine for sick animals
✅ Respect prescribed antimicrobial dosages
✅ Strengthen farm biosecurity

Keep 💉 effective!

01/11/2022

When vaccinating animals against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) 💉🦠🐑🐐, it’s crucial that vets adopt good practices.

Here are some important rules to respect throughout the process. 👇

12/10/2022

of TMR(Total mixed ration)

-With every bite or mouthful animals will eat a nutrient-balanced ration.

-animals will eat a fixed amount of forages and concentrates needed for good production and health. It’s harder for cows to be picky while eating.

-A TMR lowers the risk of digestive upset, stabilizes rumen pH and optimizes rumen feed digestion.

-The rumen microorganisms have a uniform supply of protein and carbohydrates throughout the day. This maximizes rumen fermentation and the production of rumen microbial protein.

-TMR mixers can reduce the work of feeding cows and save labor costs.

-A TMR provides more control and accuracy over the amount of feed given than separate ingredients.

-Feeding a TMR that’s correctly balanced for your cows can increase milk production 1 to 2.5 kilograms per cow daily.

-Milk fat and other components can increase.

-You can successfully feed small amounts of low quality forages or unpalatable feed in a TMR. This feed practice also allows cows to better use these feeds than when fed separately.

It’s easier to measure daily feed intake.

By knowing daily intakes, you can correctly balance your animals’ ration, which reduces feed waste and costs.

We are providing top quality of TMR(Total mixed ration) overall Pakistan.
Feel free to contact ❤️

06/10/2022

of Repeat Breeding Syndrome (RBS):

1. :
One reason could genetic abnormalities passed on from a parent. Primarily, defects or flaws that occur during the differentiation process could be responsible for RB Syndrome.


2. :
Age has a definitive role to play in fertility. There is a higher incidence of repeat breeding in older cows.



3. infection and repeated oestrous cycles:
A healthy uterine environment facilitates normal life-cycle of conception and calving. It, therefore, stands to reason that any abnormality or disease infecting the uterus will negatively impact the animal’s health and its calving cycle. Disorders such as uterine infections, endometritis, pyometra, metritis etc. cause a high embryo mortality.



4. ***al anatomical defects of the ge***al tract:
The reproductive canal of cow offers a congenial atmosphere for oocyte growth, s***m transport, fertilization, and implantation. Anatomical or functional defects of these organs will cause gestational failure and repeat breeding.


5. ovarian function:
Dairy cows often develop ovarian cysts which are a reason for reproduction failure. It is also one on the main causes of repeat breeding in herds.


6. Causes related to :
Appropriate nourishment and an optimal body weight ensure a healthy reproductive cycle. Malnourished and underweight cows show poor rates of conception.
Cows must weigh between 240-275 kg (for indigenous and jersey cross heifer) and ~350 kg (for HF cross heifer).


7. insemination:
Any incorrect action/s across the several stages that artificial insemination involves could result in failure to conceive by the dairy cow. Dairy cow that has come into heat in morning, should be inseminated in the same day evening and if came to heat on evening she should be inseminated on next day morning (A.M P.M Rule).

Possible solutions to reduce repeat breeders:

1. Bolstering the oestrus (heat) detection: Early and accurate oestrus detection is the key to keep cows from becoming repeat breeders. Less than 50% of dairy farms have and accurate oestrus detection system. This is critical if conception rates are to increase since timing is everything. Cows should be observed for at least 30 mins thrice a day for signs of heat.

2. Administration of GnRH at insemination

GnRH are synthetic hormones that imitate the body’s natural hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).