07/11/2024
One of our very sweet, fighter patient, Zam a 7yo Shihtzu weighing 6kl underwent surgery due to numerous Struvite bladder stones.
Struvite stones, are one of the more common types of bladder stones found in dogs. Here are some i formation regarding this condition:
What Are Struvite Stones?
Struvite stones are mineral-based crystals that form in the urinary tract, particularly in the bladder. These stones are composed primarily of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Unlike some other types of stones, struvite stones often develop as a result of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus or Proteus, produce an enzyme called urease, which raises the pH of the urine and creates an alkaline environment ideal for struvite crystal formation.
The primary causes of struvite stones include:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Struvite stones are closely linked to UTIs, as bacteria produce urease, increasing the urine's pH and promoting crystal formation.
2. Alkaline Urine: Struvite stones are more likely to form in urine with a high pH (alkaline urine).
3. Diet: Diets high in magnesium, ammonium, or phosphorus may contribute to stone formation if urine is allowed to become too alkaline.
4. Genetic Predispositions: certin breeds such as Miniature Schnauzers, Shih Tzus, Bichon Frises, Cocker Spaniels, and Dachshunds, have a higher risk of forming struvite stones.Female dogs are more susceptible to UTIs, which makes them more likely to develop struvite stones compared to male dogs.
Age: Middle-aged dogs tend to be more prone to stone formation than younger dogs.
Symptoms of struvite stones can vary depending on the size, number, and location of the stones. Common signs include:
Difficulty Urinating,frequent urination
blood in urine (Hematuria),urinary incontinence, discomfort and lethargy
In severe cases, stones can cause a complete urinary blockage, which is a life-threatening condition.
Treatment/Management of struvite stones
1. Dissolution Diet: In many cases, veterinarians may prescribe a specialized diet designed to dissolve struvite stones. These diets work by acidifying the urine and lowering mineral levels to prevent new crystals from forming. Prescription diets like Hill's Prescription Diet c/d and Royal Canin Urinary SO are commonly recommended.
2. Antibiotics: If a UTI is present, antibiotics are essential for eradicating the infection. Treating the infection reduces the risk of new stone formation.
3. Surgery or Non-Surgical Removal: In cases where stones are large or causing blockage, surgical removal is recommended. A procedure called voiding urohydropropulsion (a technique to flush out small stones) may be done to flush out small stones.
Since dogs prone to struvite stones can experience recurring issues, prevention is key. Preventive steps include:
1. Dietary Management: Feeding a diet specifically formulated to keep urine acidic and reduce mineral content can help prevent the formation of new stones. Prescription diets are usually low in magnesium and phosphorus and help keep the urine pH slightly acidic.
2. Increased Hydration: Ensuring your dog stays well-hydrated helps dilute urine and flushes out the urinary system. Wet dog food or water added to dry food can help increase hydration.
3. Routine Check-Ups: Regular urine tests can monitor for pH changes or infection signs, allowing for early intervention.
4. Prompt Treatment of UTIs: Since UTIs are a primary cause of struvite stones, addressing infections quickly is essential to prevent stones from forming.
5. Frequent Bathroom Breaks: Allowing dogs to urinate frequently helps to flush out the bladder and prevents urine from becoming overly concentrated.
photo of the bladder stones removed.
