23/03/2020
(PPR)
It is one of the most destructive viral diseases of small ruminant flocks and number one constraint to intensive small ruminant farming.
Morbidity – 50 per cent to 100 per cent
Mortality – 10 per cent to 50 per cent
Abortions – 75 per cent to 95 per cent.
It is an acute viral disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever,erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia.
Morbilli virus genus – An RNA virus belongs to Paramyxo virus family with close antigenic relationship to the Rinderpest virus of large ruminants.
of Infection
Transmission through close contact, ocular, nasal and oral secretions,feaces, inhalation of aerosoles, fomites such as bedding.
Period: 4-5 days.
Pyrexia 104-106 °F (40-41°C), temperature is high for 5 to 8 days and slowly returns to normal and drops below normal leading to death. Serous nasal discharge – turns mucopurulent occluding the nostrils to cause respiratory distress and sneezing in an attempt to clear the nose.
Necrotic stomatitis lending to depressed appetite, profuse non haemorrhagic severe diarrheoa leading to severe dehydration and emaciation. Secondary complications like Bronchopneumonia and abortions are common findings. Pregnant animals usually abort.
Prevention is possible by timely vaccination. A live attenuated homologous PPR vaccine like Raksha-PPR (Indian Immunologicals) – 50 doses vial. 1st vaccination at 3 to 4 months of age @ 1 ml SC (To be dissolved in sterile diluents) storage at (+) 20 °C. A Homologous live attenuated vaccine developed at IVRI (Mukteswar) in freezedried form; single vial contains 50/100 doses which are very much effective,give life long protective immunity. Dose: 1 ml SC (reconstituted vaccine).
to be administered to the affected animals to check secondary bacterial complications.
Enrofloxacin injection, Floxidin, Enrocare, Enrox,Enrocin @ 10mg/ kg body weight or 1 ml/20 kg body weight IM daily for 5 days;
injection like Inj. Zeet, Inj. Avil,Inj. Chlorazin @ 1-2 ml IM daily for 3 days;
or parenteral NSAID like Melonex, Melonex plus, A3vet, Emcalm, Oxalgin NP, Paralgin NP bolus or Inj.Melonex, Melonex plus, A3vet, Proxivet, Meloxi @ 3-5 ml IM daily for 3-5 days should be administered. Oral administration of Cyclin DT, Furazolidone (Oriprim bolus), Sulfaguanidine bolus, Sulphadimidin bolus twice daily can be given for enteritis and diarrhoea.
therapy like vitamin B-complex, or liver extract with B-complex injection or oral liver tonic, vitamin syrup, ORS (oral rehydration solution) or electrolytes should also be given to the animals. IV fluid therapy can decrease death due to dehydration and subsequent electrolyte imbalances.
