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Liva-Vet, Area 25, Sector 5, Dzenza, Lilongwe (2025)

11/12/2024

LAYER'S FEEDS?

Here’s a formulation guide based on expert recommendations:
1. Starter Feed (0-8 weeks)
- Maize: 50 kg
- Soya Meal: 17.5 kg
- Fish Meal: 12 kg
- Maize Bran: 10 kg
- Sunflower Cake: 4.5 kg
- Limestone: 4 kg
- Bone Meal: 1.5 kg
- Salt: 300 grams
- Premix: 200 grams
- Toxin Binder: 100 grams

This feed provides the necessary high protein (18-20%) for the rapid growth and development of the chicks.
2. Grower Feed (9-20 weeks)
- Maize: 60 kg
- Soya Meal: 14 kg
- Fish Meal: 10 kg
- Maize Bran: 7 kg
- Sunflower Cake: 5 kg
- Limestone: 2.5 kg
- Bone Meal: 1.2 kg
- Salt: 200 grams
- Premix: 100 grams
- Toxin Binder: 50 grams
This formulation lowers the protein content to around 16-18%, which is ideal for the continued growth and preparation of the birds for laying.
3. Layer Feed (20+ weeks)
- Maize: 55 kg
- Soya Meal: 13 kg
- Fish Meal: 8 kg
- Maize Bran: 12 kg
- Sunflower Cake: 6 kg
- Limestone: 5 kg
- Bone Meal: 2 kg
- Salt: 300 grams
- Premix: 150 grams
- Toxin Binder: 100 grams
This feed supports egg production with around 16% protein and the necessary calcium for strong eggshells.

25/10/2024

Fun facts about pigs:
- A male pig is called a boar
- A female pig is called a Sow
- Pigs are born with low iron hence you see them eating mud to try supplement Iron (Eu)
- Maize make up to +60% of pig feed!

Pig Farming
The main aim of any type of farming is make profit! In the pig farming game, the profit get eaten by many things including feed, medication, mortality, disease, theft and unstable market prices.

Most pig farmers who strive in the pig industry are farmers who are able to manage a farm in a way that sows give birth to a maximum number of piglets annually and have secured a market to sell to.

Let talk feed, breeding, housing, disease management, and markets!

Feed
Seasoned pig farmers often joke around and say "Feed eat our profit margins"!
Well they are not wrong, feed alone accounts for +60% of production costs in pig farming!
Which is why securing a market as early as possible is vital before feed eats all your profit margins!!!

You need to understand the nutrient requirement(digestible energy & protein), for different stages of pig life cycles:
- newly born piglets
- 3 to 10weeks pigs
- growing pigs 10-20weeks (slaughtered at 60-90kg live weight)
- sows with piglets
- boars and pregnant sows

Different stages require certain levels of digestible energy and protein!
Every feed mixture must contain:
- vitamins,
- minerals (bonemeal, feed lime, monocalcium phosphate),
- proteins (oilcake, fishmeal),
- digestible energy (grains)

You need to have all available especially if you will be mixing the feed yourself!

Disease Management
Just make sure you are friends with your neighbour pig farmers. Also attend attend trainings, consult with private and state Vets.

Here you will deal with:
- Parasites (internal and external)
- Microbes
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Poisoning
- Dietary problems
- Metabolic disease
- Cancer
- Allergies
Amongst other culprits

25/10/2024

THE COLOR OF POULTRY P**P AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR YOUR BIRD'S HEALTH

For a successful poultry business, medication and disease control are essential. The birds health directly impacts feed conversion, growth rate, and overall performance. Unfortunately, many poultry farmers neglect regular administration of drugs in the water and feed, leading to significant losses due to deadly diseases. Common poultry diseases in Nigeria include Coccidiosis, Newcastle, Infectious Bursal Disease, Fowl Pox, Fowl Cholera, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Infectious Coryza, etc.

In this article, I will explain how to recognize these diseases on your farm based on the color of poultry droppings and possible treatments:

1. Green p**p: If birds were not fed green vegetables, green p**p may indicate Newcastle disease or avian flu like Marek's disease. There's no cure for Newcastle disease, but Lasota vaccine can be used for prevention.

2. Yellow and foamy p**p: This can be an early stage of coccidiosis or fowl typhoid. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent losses. Treat with drugs like Amprococ and Embazine Forte for coccidiosis and Thylodox for fowl typhoid.

3. Bloody p**p: Indicates severe coccidiosis or intestinal bleeding. Treat with coccidiostats like Amprollium or Embazine Forte.

4. Milky watery p**p: May signal infectious bursal disease or worm infestation. Treat worms with papaya seeds and prevent infectious bursal disease with Gumboro vaccine.

5. Watery clear p**p: Could be due to stress during transportation or bronchitis. Add vitamins to the water for stress-related issues, and use antibiotics like Neo-Furaseryl or Maltaseryl Plus for bacterial infections.

6. Browny watery p**p: Indicates bacterial infections such as salmonella or E. coli. Treat with antibiotics like Tylosin or Neo-Furaseryl.etc

25/10/2024

Large White vs. Landrace: Which Should You Choose for Your Pig Farm? 🐷

Choosing the right pig breed can significantly impact your farm’s profitability, especially when you're just starting out. Two of the most popular breeds are the Large White and Landrace. While both are known for their impressive traits, understanding their key differences can help you make the best decision for your farm.

Large White (Yorkshire):
- Growth Rate: Large White pigs are renowned for their fast growth and ability to reach market weight efficiently. They’re known for high feed conversion rates, meaning they turn feed into body mass quickly.
- Meat Quality: Large Whites produce lean meat with minimal fat, making them popular in markets where lean pork is in demand.
- Hardiness: They’re extremely adaptable to various climates, thriving in both hot and cooler environments.
- Breeding: Large Whites are excellent mothers with large litters, which makes them a good choice for increasing pig populations.

Landrace:
- Growth Rate: Landrace pigs also grow quickly and have long, lean bodies that maximize meat production. They often grow slightly faster than Large Whites, especially when crossbred with other breeds.
- Meat Quality: Known for producing high-quality meat, particularly lean cuts, Landraces are often crossbred to improve meat yield.
- Breeding: Landrace sows are exceptional mothers, often producing large litters and providing excellent milk supply to piglets. This makes them valuable for breeding programs.
- Suitability: Landraces are well-suited for intensive farming systems but require careful management to ensure they stay healthy.

Which Should You Choose?

Rapid Growth: Both breeds are fast growers, but Landraces have a slight edge when crossbred.
Meat Quality: Large White is great for lean pork; Landrace also delivers excellent meat.
Breeding: Both excel at mothering, but Landraces may offer larger litters.

Choosing between Large White and Landrace depends on your farm's go

23/10/2024

How to make Poultry Feed for old layers👇

Making poultry feed for layers requires balancing essential nutrients to support egg production. Here’s a basic guide to formulate a nutritious feed:

Ingredients:
1. Grains (Energy Source):
- Corn (maize), wheat, sorghum, or barley.
- Quantity: 50–60% of the total feed.
- Purpose:Provides energy for daily activity and egg production.

2. Protein Sources:
- Soybean meal, fish meal, sunflower meal, or peanut meal.
- Quantity:18–22% of the total feed.
- Purpose:Supports growth and egg production.

3. Calcium Source (for eggshells):
- Ground limestone or oyster shells.
- Quantity:8–10%.
- Purpose:Ensures strong eggshell formation.

4. Phosphorus Source:
- Dicalcium phosphate or bone meal.
- Quantity:1–2%.
- Purpose:Helps in skeletal development and eggshell formation.

5. Vitamins and Minerals:
- Additives: Premixed vitamin and mineral packs designed for layers, or individual vitamins like Vitamin D3, A, E, and trace minerals like manganese, zinc, and iodine.
- Quantity:1–2%.
- Purpose:*Helps with immunity, reproductive health, and overall vitality.

6. Fat/Oil (Optional):
- Vegetable oil or animal fats.
- Quantity:1–3%.
- **Purpose:Provides energy and helps improve palatability.

7. Salt:
- Quantity:0.3–0.5%.
- Purpose:Helps balance electrolytes.

Step-by-Step Procedure:
1. Mix the Base Grains:
Combine the main grains like corn, wheat, and barley. This will form the bulk of the feed.

2. Add Protein Sources:
Add the soybean meal or fish meal to boost the protein content necessary for egg production.

3. Include Calcium Sources:
Add ground limestone or oyster shells for calcium, crucial for forming eggshells.

4. Add Phosphorus:
Incorporate dicalcium phosphate to balance the calcium and phosphorus ratio for proper bone and eggshell development.

5. Mix Vitamins and Minerals:
Add the vitamin and mineral premix to cover any deficiencies.

23/10/2024

CHICKEN P**P AS PIG FEEDS

In here am gonna show you how to Recharge pigs feeds using chicken manure

WHY CHICKEN MANURE / P**P

Chicken manure is a high-quality and cheap protein supplement. Dry chicken manure contains 15%-30% crude protein, 2.4% crude fat, 10%-16% crude fiber, 30% non-ammonia extract, and 5.6% calcium. , Linoleic acid 1%, various amino acids 8%~10%.

(1) How to use

There are 3 steps
1:Dry steps
2:Fermentation step
3:Silage steps

① Drying. Spread the fresh chicken manure on the cement floor and dry it naturally, add 0.5%~1% sulfuric acid or 0.5% formaldehyde solution when it is half dry. After the chicken manure is air-dried, it is crushed and bagged for later use. The feeding amount is 5%~30%. (If u dnt have sulfuric acid or formaldehyde solution dnt worry just continue without it)

② Fermentation. Add rice bran, maize bran and grass meal or greens to the chicken manure, add appropriate amount of water, put it in a tank, cellar or plastic bag, press tightly and seal it tightly, and ferment for 12 hours (over night) before use.

③ Silage. 60% of chicken manure, 30% of bran, and 10% of greens (eg sweet potato vines)are mixed, and the humidity is maintained at 60%. It can be used for silage for 30-50 days.

(2) Feeding amount

Add 5% to 10% of chicken manure to piglet rations, 15% to 30% of fattening pigs, and do not feed it 15 days before slaughter.

27/08/2024

*Uses Of Moringa plant and how to use it in Poultry Farming.*

🟪Moringa plant, also known as the drumstick tree, is a highly nutritious plant that can be used in various ways in poultry farming. Here are some of its uses and how to use it:

🟪Feed supplement: Moringa leaves are rich in essential nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals, that are beneficial to poultry health and productivity. You can dry the leaves and grind them into a powder, which can then be added to your poultry feed to supplement their nutrition.

🟪Immune booster: Moringa leaves contain natural antioxidants, which help boost the immune system of poultry birds, making them more resistant to diseases and infections.

🟪Antibacterial agent: Moringa leaves contain antibacterial compounds that can help prevent and control bacterial infections in poultry. Adding moringa powder to the feed can help reduce the incidence of diseases such as coccidiosis and salmonellosis.

🟪Growth promoter: Moringa leaves also contain growth-promoting compounds, which can help improve the growth rate and weight gain of poultry birds, making them more marketable.

To use moringa in poultry farming, you can follow these steps:

🟣Harvest fresh moringa leaves and wash them thoroughly.

🟣Dry the leaves in the shade until they are dry and crisp.

🟣Grind the dried leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle or a grinder.

🟣Mix the moringa powder into your poultry feed, at a ratio of 2-5% of the total feed, depending on the age and weight of the birds.

🟣Store the moringa powder in an airtight container in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight.

15/08/2024

Here’s a formulation guide based on expert recommendations.

1. Starter Feed (0-8 weeks)
- Maize: 50 kg
- Soya Meal: 17.5 kg
- Fish Meal: 12 kg
- Maize Bran: 10 kg
- Sunflower Cake: 4.5 kg
- Limestone: 4 kg
- Bone Meal: 1.5 kg
- Salt: 300 grams
- Premix: 200 grams
- Toxin Binder: 100 grams

This feed provides the necessary high protein (18-20%) for the rapid growth and development of the chicks.

2. Grower Feed (9-20 weeks)
- Maize: 60 kg
- Soya Meal: 14 kg
- Fish Meal: 10 kg
- Maize Bran: 7 kg
- Sunflower Cake: 5 kg
- Limestone: 2.5 kg
- Bone Meal: 1.2 kg
- Salt: 200 grams
- Premix: 100 grams
- Toxin Binder: 50 grams

This formulation lowers the protein content to around 16-18%, which is ideal for the continued growth and preparation of the birds for laying.

3. Layer Feed (20+ weeks)
- Maize: 55 kg
- Soya Meal: 13 kg
- Fish Meal: 8 kg
- Maize Bran: 12 kg
- Sunflower Cake: 6 kg
- Limestone: 5 kg
- Bone Meal: 2 kg
- Salt: 300 grams
- Premix: 150 grams
- Toxin Binder: 100 grams

This feed supports egg production with around 16% protein and the necessary calcium for strong eggshells.
Follow Uzobuihe Victory

13/08/2024

Main sources of protein in livestock feed:

1. _Soybean meal_: High-quality protein source, commonly used in poultry and swine feeds.

2. _Fish meal_: High-protein feed ingredient, often used in aquaculture and poultry feeds.

3. _Corn gluten meal_: By-product of corn processing, used as a protein source in feeds.

4. _Meat and bone meal_: Animal by-product, used as a protein source in feeds.

5. _Cottonseed meal_: Protein-rich feed ingredient, commonly used in ruminant feeds.

6. _Peas and beans_: Legumes used as protein sources in feeds, particularly for poultry and swine.

7. _Whey_: Dairy by-product, used as a protein source in feeds, especially for young animals.

8. _Canola meal_: Protein-rich feed ingredient, used in feeds for poultry, swine, and ruminants.

General mixing ratios in feed production:

1. _Broiler feed_:
- Starter (0-4 weeks): 18-20% protein, 1.2-1.5% lysine
- Grower (4-6 weeks): 16-18% protein, 1.0-1.2% lysine
- Finisher (6 weeks to market): 14-16% protein, 0.8-1.0% lysine
2. _Layer feed_:
- Starter (0-18 weeks): 16-18% protein, 0.8-1.0% lysine
- Layer (18 weeks to market): 14-16% protein, 0.6-0.8% lysine
3. _Swine feed_:
- Starter (0-4 weeks): 18-20% protein, 1.2-1.5% lysine
- Grower (4-12 weeks): 16-18% protein, 1.0-1.2% lysine
- Finisher (12 weeks to market): 14-16% protein, 0.8-1.0% lysine
4. _Ruminant feed_ (cattle, sheep, goats):
- Starter (0-6 months): 12-14% protein
- Grower (6-12 months): 10-12% protein
- Finisher (12 months to market): 8-10% protein.

13/08/2024

How to Construct a Poultry House

Commercial chicken farming demands expertise, understanding, and unwavering commitment for success. Getting your poultry housing right is crucial for laying a solid foundation for your venture. Here's a handy checklist to guide you through poultry house construction:

🌟 Provide Comfort: Ensure your poultry house offers a comfortable environment shielding birds from weather extremities like rain, wind, and direct sunlight.

🌟 Spaciousness: Allocate adequate space based on stocking density:

Layers: 1m² for 6 birds
Broilers: 1m² for 11 birds

🌟 Ventilation: Opt for an open-sided house with east-west orientation to allow natural airflow. Avoid direct sunlight exposure.

🌟 Structure: Construct a rectangular-shaped house with a wall not exceeding three feet in height on the longer side. Opt for materials like stones, iron sheets, or bricks for durability.

🌟 Mesh Matters: Use a small gauge chicken wire mesh to prevent entry of wild birds, dogs, and rodents. Consider a plastic-coated mesh for longevity.

🌟 Roofing: Choose a reflective surface for the roof and ensure proper pitch for ventilation. Maintain adequate gap between birds and roof to prevent heat stress.

🌟 Flooring: floors should be ideal for easy cleaning and disinfection.

🌟 Hygiene Measures: Install a foot-bath at the entrance and clear vegetation around the pen to deter rodents. Keep the feed store separate to minimize rodent attraction.

🌟 Isolation: Construct the house in isolated areas to minimize contamination risks.

🌟 Ventilation Management: Optimal ventilation is crucial for heat and moisture regulation, oxygen supply, and air quality improvement. Open curtains for airflow during warm weather and close them for warmth during cold spells.

🌟 Safety: Fence the area and keep doors locked to prevent entry of stray animals and visitors.

In the photo is a 5000 layer house ( 2500 down, 2500 up).

03/08/2024

Commonly Asked Questions in Indigenous Chicken Farming And it's Answers

1.What is indigenous chicken farming?

Indigenous chicken farming refers to the practice of rearing native chicken breeds in a particular region or country.

2. What are the benefits of indigenous chicken farming?

Indigenous chicken breeds are adapted to local environments, and they are hardy, resistant to diseases, and can survive in harsh conditions. They also produce high-quality meat and eggs, which are in high demand.

3. What are some common indigenous chicken breeds?

Some common indigenous chicken breeds include Kuroiler, Kenbro, Rainbow Rooster, and Sasso.

4. How do you select healthy chickens for breeding?

Select chickens that are healthy, have good body conformation, and are free from deformities, injuries, and diseases.

5. What is the ideal temperature range for indigenous chicken farming?

The ideal temperature range for indigenous chicken farming is between 15°C and 30°C.

6. What is the recommended space per chicken in a chicken house?

The recommended space per chicken in a chicken house is 0.2-0.3 square meters.

7. What is the recommended lighting for indigenous chicken farming?

Indigenous chickens require at least 12-14 hours of light per day.

8. How often should you clean the chicken house?

The chicken house should be cleaned at least once a week.

9. How do you prevent diseases in indigenous chicken farming?

You can prevent diseases by ensuring that the chicken house is clean, providing clean water and feed, and vaccinating the chickens.

10. What is the recommended vaccination schedule for indigenous chickens?

The recommended vaccination schedule for indigenous chickens varies depending on the country and region, but it typically includes vaccinations against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and fowl pox.

11. How often should you feed indigenous chickens?

Indigenous chickens should be fed twice a day.

28/07/2024

Benefits of Super Napier

Super Napier has a crude protein (CP) content of up to 18%. As such, it stands out as grass fodder with the highest protein content.
Compared to other Napier grass varieties, farmers can make silage using Super Napier as it contains soluble sugars, aiding in fermentation (anaerobic respiration).

Super Napier is ready for harvesting after 1.5 to 2 months. At this flowering stage, the fodder has the optimum CP of 18% and energy levels of approximately 23 MJ/Kg.

Farmers can harvest 200 tonnes per acre annually and regularly or comfortably feed the fodder to about 10 to 15 cows.

Super Napier has stronger stems than other fodder varieties. Hence, farmers can easily propagate the fodder using stem cuttings rather than splits without disrupting the growth of the parent grass.

Liva-Vet

11/12/2024

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