01/02/2026
Halitosis, or bad breath, is a condition in which exhaled air has an unpleasant or offensive odour (odiferous breath). Other terms used to define halitosis include 'foetor oris', 'foetor ex oris', and 'oral malodour'. It is an unpleasant odour emanating from the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal system (Barko, 2020). Oral malodour is among the most common complaints presented in companion animal practice and is a clinically relevant biomarker of oral and systemic disease. In veterinary medicine, it is a clinically significant sign rather than a cosmetic concern (Gorrel & Rawlings, 2021). https://tinyurl.com/2z796nzu , , .
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What is halitosis?Halitosis, or bad breath, is a condition in which exhaled air has an unpleasant or offensive odour (odiferous breath). Other terms used to define halitosis include 'foetor oris', 'foetor ex oris', and 'oral malodour'. It is an unpleasant odour emanating from the oral cavity, upper....