
06/06/2025
سڵاوتان لێبێت جەژنتان پیرۆز بێت
Meat Inspection of animals
پشکنینی گۆشت لە ئاژەڵدا
Inspection of carcass
پشکنینی لاشە
• Examination of the carcass visually, looking at all surfaces from all angles;
پێویستە سەیری هەموو ڕووەکان و دەوروبەرەکانی ئاژەڵەکە بکرێت
• determination of the s*x of the carcass;
دیاریکردنی ڕەگەزی لاشەکە ئایە مێیە یان نێرە
• examination of the joints for arthritis;
پشکنینی جومگەکان بۆ ئەوەی بزانین هەوکردنی تیا هەیە
• examination of the colour of fatty and muscle tissues (both should be within the normal range) – fatty tissue yellowing can be caused by abnormal liver function, by normal ageing of the animal or by the type of feed consumed;
پشکنینی ڕەنگی ماسولکەکان بزانین چەوری تیایە ئەگەر هەردووکی هەبێ ئاساییە ئاژەڵەکە،چەوری زۆر ئەبێتە هۆی ناتەواوی لە فرمانکردنی جگەر.
• examination of muscle tissue for bruising;
پشکنینی ماسولکە شانەکان بۆ ئەوەی بزانین برین هەیە.
• inspection of visible blood vessels with care: these must be properly drained of blood;
پشکنینی مولولەکانی خوێن
• inspection of the abdominal cavity for signs of adherence (peritonitis);
پشکنینی بۆشایی ناوچەی سک بۆ زانینی هەرناتەواویەک بۆ نمونە هەوکردنی سک.
• inspection of the thoracic cavity for signs of pleurisy or tuberculous lesions; and
پشکنینی بۆشایی قەفەزەی سنگ بۆ هەر هەوکردن و توشبون بە بونی نیشانە و سیلی سی.
Inspection of kidneys
پشکنینی گورچیلەکان
Kidneys normally remain attached to the carcass for inspection, which is conducted by visual inspection and palpation. Only if any abnormality is detected should the renal lymph nodes be cut open to detect nephritis.
دەستلێدان و پشکنینی گورچیلەکان هەروەها ناتەواویەک
Inspection of head
پشکنینی ناوچەی سەر
Visual inspection of the head from all angles. Technically, the following should be visually examined, followed by additional examination where indicated:
• mandibles for irregular shape, e.g. in the case of actinobacillosis;
پشکنینی شەویلگەکان بۆ هەر ناڕێکیەک لە شێوەی بۆ نمونە لە حاڵەتی نەخۆشی بەکتیری ئەکتینۆبەسڵەس
• eyes for abnormal appearance or colour, e.g. yellowing caused by icterus;
ناتەواوی و زەرهەڵگەڕانی چاو لە حاڵەتی زەردوی
• tongue for abnormal lesions, e.g. symptomatic of foot and mouth disease, and by palpation for deeper abnormalities (e.g. actinobacillosis, cysticercosis);
دەرکەوتنی ناتەواوی لەسەر زمان بۆ نمونە نیشانەکانی نەخۆشی تەبەق و ئەکتینۆبەسڵەس و سیستیسێرکەس
• incisor teeth for age; if >24 months, must be tested for BSE;
پشکنینی نەخۆشی هەوکردنی پەردەی مێشک لەڕێگەی ددانە کەڵبەییەکانەوە.
• lymph nodes, each of which exist in pairs: retropharangeal, submandibular, parotid (note: tuberculosis can be diagnosed in these lymph nodes); and
پشکنینی لیمفە گرێکان
• cheek muscles: external cheek muscles are incised with two parallel cuts, and internal cheek muscles with one, to inspect for T. saginata cystercircus.
پشکنینی ماسولکەکانی ڕومەت بۆ ئەوەی بزانرێ نەخۆشی مشەخۆری تینیا ساجیناتا هەیە
Inspection of lungs
پشکنینی سییەکان
• Visual inspection for pneumonia, cysts (e.g. hydatid), abscesses, tumours, etc.;
پشکنینی هەوکردن و کیس و دومەڵو شێرپەنجە.
• palpation to detect any of the above within deeper tissue;
• incision and examination of bronchial, mediastinal pairs of lymph nodes (note: tuberculosis can be diagnosed in these lymph nodes); and
پشنینی بۆریچکەکانی سی و لیمفەگرێکان
• incision to open trachea and lower airways to examine for inflammation and foreign contents (food, parasites, blood, etc.) or partially swallowed food.
بڕین و کردنەوەی بۆری هەناسە و یان بەشەکانی خواروی هەناسە بۆ زانینی هەر تەنێکی نامۆ کە ببێتە هۆی هەوکردن بۆ نمونە خواردن ،مشەخۆر ،خوێن هتد....
Inspection of heart
پشکنینی دڵ
• Visual inspection for pericarditis;
پشکنینی هەوکردنی دڵ
• opening of pericardial sac to examine for abnormal amount or appearance of the liquid; and
• incisions to open all chambers to examine for endocarditis, and for cysticercosis cysts in the septum.
Inspection of diaphragm
پشکنینی ناوپەنچک
If cysticercosis has been found in the cheek muscles or in the heart, the diaphragm must also be inspected.
Inspection of liver
پشکنینی جگەر بۆ نەخۆشی تورەکەی ئاویی و کرمی جگەر
This organ is particularly important as a general indicator of animal health, as many abnormalities occur in the liver of sick animals:
• visual examination for degenerations, dystrophies, cysts (e.g. hydatid), abscesses, tumours, tuberculous lesions;
• palpation to detect any of the above in deeper tissue, palpation of the hepatic lymph node (and its incision if any abnormalities found); and
• incisions to open the bile ducts (along the main ducts and across the caudal lobe) to examine for liver fluke infestation.
Inspection of spleen
پشکنینی سپڵ بۆ زانینی نەخۆشی ئەنسراکس
The spleen may be separated from, or attached to, rumen, and is examined by visual inspection and palpation for changes in colour, size (edges are normally sharp) and consistency. Splenic enlargement and/or dark colour is commonly associated with infective diseases (e.g. anthrax) and septicaemia. Note that splenic colour can differ between s*xes.
Inspection of alimentary tract
Alimentary tract contents are usually inspected whilst placed in trays, and include oesophagus, rumen and large and small intestines:
• visual inspection of rumen and intestines for enteritis, etc.: salmonellosis and Johnes’ disease both cause redness of the enteric tract, so may be detected by visual inspection;
• palpation of the mesenteric lymph nodes – if any abnormality is detected, these lymph nodes may be incised for further inspection; and
• palpation of oesophagus for parasitic cysts, etc.
Ge***al organs
ئەندامەکانی زاوزێ
These are visually inspected and palpated; they are incised only if any abnormality is detected.
Udder
پشکنیی گووان
The udder is examined, visually and by palpation, after it has been separated from the carcass. Although a thick fat layer may remain after udder removal, this does not indicate abnormality. Conduct a visual inspection and palpation. Mastitis is frequently caused by zoonotic agents, so care must be taken to avoid milk secretion and spillage, with possible contamination of other edible tissues. Also, tuberculous lesions may be found in the udder.