16/06/2026
When Behaviour Changes – Could Pain Be the Missing Link?
By Natalie Neal
Qualified and Accredited Clinical Animal Behaviourist
Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors - APBC Full Member | The Animal Behaviour and Training CouncilRegistered Practitioner
As a canine behaviourist, a common question I am asked is, "How do I stop this behaviour?" However, one of the first things I consider is, "Why is this dog behaving this way?"
Behaviour is communication. When a dog's behaviour changes, they are often telling us that something has changed for them. Increasing evidence suggests that pain is one of the most overlooked contributors to canine behavioural problems and may be the underlying cause of, or a significant factor in, many behavioural concerns.
Understanding the underlying cause is fundamental to successful behaviour modification. If a dog is experiencing pain or discomfort, they are unlikely to be able to fully engage in learning or develop new emotional responses until that pain has been identified and appropriately managed. Addressing underlying pain not only improves welfare but also creates the best opportunity for behaviour modification to be successful.
Why is pain so often missed?
Behavioural changes are often one of the earliest – and sometimes the only – indications that a dog may be experiencing pain or discomfort. While lameness or obvious physical signs may be absent, pain can manifest in many different ways depending on the individual dog and the underlying condition.
Owners may notice increased barking or vocalisation, reluctance to be handled or groomed, or a dog that suddenly becomes unwilling to be left home alone. Others may become more anxious, reactive or impulsive, while some dogs become withdrawn or seek increased comfort and reassurance from their owners.
Aggression is another behavioural change that may be associated with pain. A dog experiencing discomfort may have a reduced tolerance for handling or close interaction and may growl, snap or bite as a defensive response to avoid anticipated pain. Likewise, repetitive behaviours such as excessive licking, chewing, pacing or digging may develop as coping strategies in dogs experiencing ongoing discomfort.
Many owners adapt gradually to changes without realising it. A dog that no longer jumps into the car, hesitates before climbing stairs or sleeps more than they once did may simply be perceived as "getting older", when in fact these changes could indicate chronic pain.
"But my dog still wants to play ball and go for walks..."
The desire to chase a ball or head out for a walk does not necessarily mean a dog is pain free. Excitement, anticipation and physical activity stimulate the release of adrenaline and endorphins, which can temporarily reduce the perception of pain and allow the dog to continue despite underlying discomfort.
Many dogs are also remarkably stoic, masking signs of pain as an adaptive survival strategy. It is often only after exercise, when adrenaline levels subside, that owners notice stiffness, reluctance to move, increased irritability or changes in behaviour.
Behavioural changes that may indicate pain
Pain can directly cause behavioural changes or reduce a dog's ability to cope with everyday situations, lowering their threshold for responding to stress.
Some common signs include:
* Aggression or growling when approached or handled
* Avoidance of touch, grooming or harnesses
* Reluctance to jump, climb stairs or get into the car
* Increased reactivity towards people or other dogs
* Heightened anxiety or an inability to settle
* Increased impulsivity or frustration
* Excessive licking, chewing or scratching at the body
* Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
* Seeking constant reassurance or becoming withdrawn
* Pacing, repetitive behaviours or compulsive digging
* Increased barking, whining or vocalisation
Looking beyond the behaviour
Behaviour does not occur in isolation. A dog's physical health, emotional wellbeing and environment are intrinsically linked, and understanding behaviour requires consideration of all three.
As a clinical animal behaviourist, I always work alongside veterinary surgeons because behaviour and health are so closely connected. By considering both the medical and behavioural picture, we can help identify factors that may be influencing behaviour, including the possibility of underlying pain or discomfort.
If you have noticed changes in your dog's behaviour or have any concerns, I would encourage you to speak to your veterinary practice. Early intervention can make a significant difference, improving not only behaviour but also your dog's overall welfare and quality of life.
If you would like to know more about my behaviour services or assessment clinics, please feel free to get in touch.
Because behaviour is communication, and sometimes the message is that your dog is in pain.
