30/03/2026
In end of life or geriatric discussions with owners about their dogs I very commonly hear about behaviors such as:
-pacing, unsettled at night
-Needing to p*e at different times and having accidents inside the home (often mistaken for incontinence)
-increased or new aggression and/or sensitivity to people, other animals, or sounds
-disorientation
There is a syndrome called Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome which is important for owners to be aware of and I felt it important to share some thoughts and info to my followers. It is too simple for owners and vets to just say ‘they’re just getting old’. There is so much more work and learning to be done, but arguably awareness and discussion is the first step.
There is no defined criteria for diagnosing CCDS, however any one or a combination of the above should raise suspicions. Treatments available are understudied and often underutilised as the understanding of the syndrome itself is poor. Some vets may discuss supplements and/or supportive treatments such as vitofyllin and selegiline. In brief, the former improves blood circulation, primarily to the brain, and the latter keeps brain levels of dopamine higher. Like so many treatments in veterinary medicine there is a wide range of efficacy across patients to these remedies. A recent survey by Simon et al (2025) found that 90% of veterinarians report these treatments, (from client feedback and clinical follow ups), to be only slightly to moderately effective. However, there is still a lot that can be gained from trying these and/or nutraceuticals after discussing with your vet.
Eventually, there may be grounds for euthanasia when CCDS reaches a point of stress for the animal and inability to perform ‘normal’ behaviours. However, have a chat with your vet, or myself about possibly managing earlier signs to keep your loved one as stable as possible.
Remember, all human and animal beings will age, but age is not a disease in itself.
