16/10/2017
Pay attention to calming signals!
**PLEASE READ THIS UPDATED DESCRIPTION**
More information and sources on this subject below
Here it is! The Calming & Stress Signals in Horses Poster I've been working on. :) Click this link for a larger view:
https://discoursewithdeejay.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/poster-big-watermark.pdf
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Calming signals are species-specific gestures are a way of communication to minimize aggression. Its main purpose is to appease, to avoid conflict by showing willingness to avoid aggressive confrontation. They are also indicators of discomfort, stress or irritation; clarifying internal imbalance and conflicts. The same gesture can mean different things depending on the entire context. Every horse has personal preferences based on their different learning experiences. Up until now there hasn't been a clear difference in calming signals between mares, geldings and stallions. Hormones, however, can lead to an increase or decrease in showing the signals.
People use calming signals as well. Looking away or even laughing nervously can be a way to express discomfort and avoid conflict. Horses show their calming signals to people. They often lick and chew when they feel cornered, pressured or overwhelmed. This is unfortunately often interpreted as processing information and learning
Some horses may not always show calming signals and go into conflict right away. There are various reasons this can happen. It differs per individual horse how and how long a horse appeases before it attacks. Each horse will eventually feel emotionally cornered that it sees no other way than to confront. However, it is also possible the horse simply stopped showing calming gestures because the humans haven't been responding appropriately to it in the past. The horse has no choice but to express himself more clearly and won't show calming signals in the future. Some dogs get punished or ignored when they growl, and might start biting "out of nowhere", while it is their owners fault for not recognising the calming signals before. A horse showing no calming signals at all is really rare, most of them do but are overlooked because of the subtleness of the body language.
You can observe calming signals, even while riding. Licking and chewing for example, or sudden changes in muscle tension and breathing.
We should bear in mind the horse is always communicating with us or at least tempts to because it feels threatened or overwhelmed by us or the entire situation for one or more reasons. The appropriate response is to.... back the fudge off (...)
Sorry, Marlitt (first link below) put it much better: "...we should recognise that the horse is trying to have a dialogue with us, it is trying to communicate something: either that it feels threatened by us, overwhelmed by the situation or is otherwise uncomfortable. The appropriate response is to de-escalate the situation in question carefully [...] The use of appeasement and calming signals is a normal form of communication of the horse; it gives us clues as to the emotional state of the animal, and helps us to assess the situation in an early stage, before things have progressed to genuine conflict, [which may either be expressed as] escape behaviour or aggression."
- Empty chewing
- Licking and chewing, tongue going in and out of the mouth
- Yawning
- Holding head low, maybe slightly bending the forelegs
- Slight lateral bend of the ears
- Blinking their eyes
- Averting their gaze and/or head
- Showing of the neck
- Splitting up, presenting flank towards threat
- Making a curving approach rather than approaching in a direct line
- Slowing down actions and movement
- Eating to calm itself
And many more. For more information:
The Equid Ethogram by Sue M. McDonnell
https://horsesunderourskin.wordpress.com/2013/10/04/the-phantom-flea-2/
http://www.pferdsein.de/
http://click-treat.livejournal.com/975.html
http://calmingsignalsofhorses.com/en/
https://annablakeblog.com/2014/04/18/calming-signals-are-you-listening/