16/04/2026
What is Infundibular Caries in horses?
Infundibular caries is a common dental disease affecting the upper (maxillary) molars of horses. Each upper molar has two infundibula, which are tubular, crescent-shaped structures on the chewing surface, normally filled with cementum.
Sometimes, the infundibula aren’t fully filled with cementum due to cemental hypoplasia (also called hypocementosis).
As the tooth erupts and wears down, this defect is exposed, allowing food and bacteria to enter.
Bacteria ferment carbohydrates, leading to acid production, which demineralises dental tissues, this is called caries.
Why is it a problem?
Decay can spread from the cementum to enamel, dentine, and even the pulp.
Severe lesions can cause the two infundibula to coalesce, weakening the tooth and leading to fractures.
Advanced cases may result in endodontic infections, leading to apical disease, sinusitis, or even tooth root abscesses.
Grading of Infundibular Caries (Modified Honma Scale):
• Grade 0 – No caries
• Grade 1 – Caries limited to cementum
• Grade 2 – Caries extends into enamel
• Grade 3 – Caries extends into dentine
• Grade 4 – Pulp exposure and/or tooth fracture
Risk factors:
• Age – Older horses are more likely to develop caries
• Cemental hypoplasia – Poor cementum formation predisposes the tooth
Treatment:
• Infundibula restoration (filling) by a veterinary dental specialist to protect the pulp and restore tooth function
• Regular dental exams are important to detect and monitor caries early
Progression is usually slow, but if left untreated, it can sometimes result in severe complications. Regular, thorough dental examinations can help identify infundibular caries early, enabling your EDT to monitor progression and, if necessary, provide appropriate referral recommendations.
To learn more about infundibular caries and other common dental abnormalities watch our YouTube video 👇🏼
https://youtu.be/DlXfJpbKF5g?si=Knch5Anc-4gnKmOh
