08/26/2025
Unwanted Behaviour or Unseen Pain?
Pain is one of the most overlooked causes of unwanted behaviour. Before we label, or train, we must ask: Could this be pain?
Dogs rarely vocalise pain directly. Instead, they show subtle shifts in behaviour—like withdrawal, irritability, or reactivity—that may be misinterpreted as training issues or simply unwanted behaviour.
Studies from Glasgow University and the development of the Glasgow Pain Scale highlight that behavioural signs are often the primary indicators of pain.
Pain is a major contributor to behavioural issues Professor Daniel Mills (University of Lincoln) and others have shown that pain is either the direct cause or a significant exacerbating factor in many cases of unwanted behaviour. In clinical reviews, pain was implicated in 28% to 82% of behaviour cases depending on the population studied.
Behavioural changes are often the first sign of pain. Dogs may not show obvious physical symptoms, but subtle behavioural shifts—such as increased reactivity, avoidance, or changes in social engagement—can be early indicators of discomfort.
Common pain-related behaviours include:
• Sudden aggression or reactivity (growling, snapping)
• Reluctance to be touched or approached
• Sudden aggression or reactivity
• Restlessness, pacing, or excessive licking
• Withdrawal or reduced social engagement
• Changes in appetite, sleep, or toileting
• Avoidance of walks or equipment
• Hyperarousal, excessive mouthing or vocalisation
• Repetitive behaviours like pacing, guarding, or licking surfaces
• Changes in sleep, toileting, or eating patterns
Musculoskeletal pain is a frequent culprit: A 2012 study found that 75% of aggressive dogs had underlying musculoskeletal pain, often from hip dysplasia or elbow osteoarthritis.
Unwanted behaviour isn’t always a training issue—it’s often a welfare one. Pain changes behaviour, and recognising that is the first step toward helping, not correcting.