08/07/2026
If I told you there was an 83% chance of winning the lottery, would you buy a ticket? Most people wouldn't hesitate. That is how I think about pain when assessing a dog with behavioural problems.
Research consistently shows that pain and underlying medical conditions are among the most common contributors to canine behaviour problems. In specialist behaviour referral populations, studies have found painful or medical conditions contributing to behaviour in approximately 30–80% of cases, with some referral studies reporting figures of around 80–83%.
Pain doesn't simply make a dog sore it changes how the brain processes the world. A dog experiencing discomfort has fewer emotional resources available to cope with everyday life. They may become more vigilant, recover more slowly from stressful events, react more quickly to situations that previously wouldn't have bothered them, or become less tolerant of handling and social interaction.
Some dogs become quieter and withdraw from family life. Others become restless, vocal, or unable to settle. Some lose interest in walks, play, food or social interaction, while others become fearful, reactive or aggressive.
Common behavioural changes associated with pain include:
- Aggression, particularly when touched or handled.
- Fearfulness and increased reactivity.
- Reduced activity or reluctance to walk, jump or play.
- Withdrawal from people, other dogs or normal family interactions.
- Restlessness, inability to settle or altered sleep.
- Changes in posture, movement or willingness to change position.
- Reduced appetite or changes in eating behaviour.
- Vocalisation, hiding or inappropriate toileting.
Of course, not every behavioural problem is caused by pain, and pain does not explain every aggressive dog. Behaviour is influenced by genetics, early experiences, learning history, environment and emotional state. Likewise, dogs that were already fearful or aggressive before developing pain may simply become more intense in those situations. This is why every case deserves an individual assessment.
My goal is never to prove that a dog is in pain. My goal is to rule pain in or rule it out as early as possible.