05/29/2026
You may have heard your veterinarian or farrier talk about “NPA” (Negative Palmar Angle) — but what does that actually mean for your horse?
The palmar angle (PA) is a measurement made from a lateral radiograph (side-view x-ray) of the hoof. It measures the angle between the bottom of the coffin bone (P3) and the ground surface.
✔️ In the front feet, a healthy palmar angle is typically 2–7° positive
✔️ In the hind feet, a 0° or neutral angle can be acceptable (called the plantar angle)
So what happens when the angle becomes negative?
A negative palmar angle changes the biomechanics of the hoof and lower limb. This can place excessive stress and strain on:
• Deep digital flexor tendon
• The navicular apparatus
Over time, this may contribute to:
▪️ Heel pain and navicular-related issues
▪️ Soft tissue injury
▪️ Lameness
▪️ Poor performance
▪️ Lower back soreness or compensatory lameness higher up the limb
The good news: radiographs help us accurately identify hoof balance issues and guide treatment plans. Managing NPA is a team effort between your veterinarian and farrier, using appropriate trimming, shoeing, and monitoring to improve hoof mechanics and comfort.
Pictured on the left is a horse with a negative palmar angle and a broken back hoof pastern axis. On the right is an example of a horse with an appropriate positive palmar angle.
