11/08/2026
There’s no denying that French Bulldogs, Pugs and other flat-faced breeds are incredibly cute. ❤️ But behind those adorable squishy faces can be some significant health challenges that every prospective owner should understand before bringing one home.
What does “brachycephalic” mean?
Brachycephalic simply means “shortened head.” These breeds have a shortened skull, giving them their characteristic flat faces. Unfortunately, the soft tissues inside the head haven’t always shortened along with the bones, which can result in restricted airways and difficulty breathing.
Common brachycephalic breeds include:
🐶 French Bulldogs
🐶 English Bulldogs
🐶 Pugs
🐶 Boston Terriers
🐶 Shih Tzus
🐶 Pekingese
🐶 Boxers
🐶 Bullmastiffs
🫁 What is Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)?
Because of their shortened skull structure, many brachycephalic dogs can develop:
• Narrow nostrils (stenotic nares)
• An elongated soft palate
• A narrowed windpipe
• Increased airway resistance
• Progressive airway changes over time
Snoring, snorting, gagging, struggling to exercise or having difficulty coping with warm weather isn't necessarily “just part of the breed”. These can be signs that your dog is struggling to breathe.
⚠️ What problems can occur?
Brachycephalic dogs are at increased risk of:
• Breathing difficulties
• Exercise intolerance
• Overheating and heat stroke
• Collapse, particularly during stress or excitement
• Gagging and reflux
• Gastrointestinal problems
In more severe cases, ongoing airway obstruction can cause changes that make breathing progressively more difficult.
❤️ Can BOAS be treated?
The good news is that there are ways to help!
Milder cases may benefit from:
✔️ Maintaining a healthy body weight
✔️ Avoiding excessive heat and humidity
✔️ Managing exercise carefully
✔️ Using a harness rather than a collar
✔️ Monitoring breathing and exercise tolerance
For dogs with significant airway obstruction, surgical correction may be recommended to improve airflow and quality of life. Depending on the individual dog, this can include widening narrowed nostrils and shortening an elongated soft palate.
Early assessment and treatment can help prevent airway problems from becoming more severe.
🏡 Thinking about getting a brachycephalic dog?
Before bringing one home, it's important to understand the potential health implications and ongoing care these breeds may require.
We recommend:
✔️ Having your new pet examined by us
✔️ Understanding the signs of breathing difficulty
✔️ Being prepared for their increased sensitivity to heat
✔️ Maintaining a healthy body weight
✔️ Considering the potential cost of ongoing management or surgery
Brachycephalic dogs can absolutely live happy, fulfilling lives — but informed ownership is essential. ❤️
If you already have a flat-faced dog and are concerned about their breathing, or you're considering adding one to your family, the team at Highlands Veterinary Hospital are always happy to discuss their health and individual needs.
📞 Give us a call on (02) 4872 1144 to make an appointment