10/07/2025
📌 What is Pyometra?
Pyometra is a life-threatening infection of the uterus. It typically occurs in intact (unspayed) female cats, usually middle-aged or older, but it can happen at any age after sexual maturity.
It is considered a medical emergency that requires prompt surgical or medical intervention.
🔬 Causes
Pyometra is most often caused by hormonal changes and bacterial infection:
After estrus (heat), progesterone levels remain high, which thickens the uterine lining.
Over multiple cycles, this lining can become cystic and prone to infection.
Bacteria (commonly E. coli) ascend from the va**na into the uterus during or after estrus.
The uterus becomes filled with pus, which can lead to toxemia, sepsis, or rupture.
🚨 Types of Pyometra
There are two main types:
Open Pyometra:
The cervix is open.
Pus may drain from the v***a.
Easier to diagnose due to visible discharge.
Closed Pyometra:
The cervix is closed.
Pus is trapped in the uterus.
More dangerous due to risk of uterine rupture and sepsis.
Often more subtle or vague symptoms.
⚠️ Symptoms
Vaginal discharge (in open pyometra),Lethargy, Loss of appetite, Vomiting, Increased thirst and urination (PU/PD), Abdominal distension or pain, Fever (may be absent in late-stage cases), Dehydration.
🛠️ Treatment
1. Surgical (Preferred/Gold Standard):
Emergency ovariohysterectomy (spay): Removal of uterus and ovaries
Performed under general anesthesia
IV fluids, antibiotics, and supportive care are critical
Most effective and curative
2. Medical Management (only in select breeding animals and early/mild open cases):
Prostaglandins: To contract uterus and expel pus
Antibiotics
Close monitoring
📈 Prognosis
Excellent with early surgery in stable patients
Guarded to poor if diagnosis is delayed or if the uterus ruptures/sepsis develops
✅ Prevention
Spaying (ovariohysterectomy) is 100% preventive
Recommended for all non-breeding female cats before their first or second heat cycle.
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