Dr. Louierhey Serra Rulida

30/04/2026

The Start of Our Journey Together to Forever

27/01/2026

First try with Insta 360 X5

07/12/2025

Our sincere thanks to Pinoy Vets UAE and German Standard Group () for their initiative, sponsorship, and the valuable knowledge shared for the advancement of our veterinary practice.

19/03/2024

07/01/2024

24/11/2023

02/11/2023

26/10/2023

𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗡𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗔𝗠𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡

The cardinal signs of inflammation are a set of five classic symptoms that characterize the body's response to injury or infection.

These signs were first described by the ancient Roman physician Celsus and later expanded upon by the 19th-century pathologist Rudolf Virchow.

1. 𝙍𝙪𝙗𝙤𝙧 (𝙍𝙚𝙙𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨):

Increased blood flow to the affected area causes redness. This occurs due to vasodilation, where blood vessels widen to allow more blood to reach the site of injury or infection.

The red appearance is a result of more oxygen and nutrients being delivered to the area.

2. 𝘾𝙖𝙡𝙤𝙧 (𝙃𝙚𝙖𝙩):

The increased blood flow also brings warmth to the affected area.

This heat is a consequence of the metabolic activity and increased circulation of blood, which carries immune cells and nutrients to aid in the inflammatory response.

3. 𝙏𝙪𝙢𝙤𝙧 (𝙎𝙬𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙜):

Accumulation of fluid, proteins, and immune cells leads to swelling at the site of injury.

Swelling serves a protective role by isolating the affected area and preventing the spread of harmful agents. It can also be a result of increased permeability of blood vessels.

4. 𝘿𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙧 (𝙋𝙖𝙞𝙣):

Inflammation activates pain receptors, contributing to the discomfort or pain experienced at the site of injury.

Chemical mediators, such as prostaglandins and bradykinin, play a role in sensitizing nerve endings and transmitting pain signals.

5. 𝙁𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤 𝙇𝙖𝙚𝙨𝙖 (𝙇𝙤𝙨𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙁𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣):

While not always included in every list, functio laesa refers to the functional impairment or altered function of the affected tissue or organ.

It highlights the impact of inflammation on the normal functioning of the body part and is considered the fifth cardinal sign.

Pict credit
https://lnkd.in/gnZY47qy

24/10/2023

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