VMI: Veterinary Medicine and Imaging

VMI: Veterinary Medicine and Imaging Small Animal Medicine Specialist offering
mobile imaging and medicine services in JHB to Centurian

"Bring on the Gaviscon"Gastric ulceration detection via ultrasound:Not always the most yielding modality, however ultras...
25/04/2026

"Bring on the Gaviscon"
Gastric ulceration detection via ultrasound:
Not always the most yielding modality, however ultrasound is an easy and non-invasive option, and they can be detected...

Imaging findings:
- Thickened/ oedematous wall
- Loss of wall layering
- Mucosal defect
- Gas dissection (mural hyperechogenicity)
- Peri-gastric inflammation
- Effusion + peritoneal gas based on severity and perforation
- Sensitivity reported 29.5%- 65%

Intussusception:Easier to identify than to spell.The classic features...-"Loop in a loop"-"Double layering"-Entrapped me...
07/12/2025

Intussusception:

Easier to identify than to spell.
The classic features...

-"Loop in a loop"
-"Double layering"
-Entrapped mesenteric fat
-Inflamed hyperechoic surrounding mesentery

Triggers:
-Increased intestinal motility
-Parasitism
-Enteritis (various aetiologies e.g. Parvovirus)

Common locations:
-Ileocolic
-Jejunaljejunal
-Cecocolic

Happy hunting...

"Suffering from a broken heart"Severe changes observed on the echocardiogram:-Eccentric dilation (volume overload)-Thick...
05/12/2025

"Suffering from a broken heart"

Severe changes observed on the echocardiogram:
-Eccentric dilation (volume overload)
-Thickened irregular mitral valves
-Severe enlarged LV, LA and LAAo ratio
-Tachycardia and elevated contractility

Typical findings for Myxomatous mitral valve disease with significant cardiac remodelling
ACVIM stage C MMVD.

Consensus guidelines are very informative and will help guide diagnosis as well as treatment recommendations.
Take a read and scan some hearts ❤️💔❤️‍🩹🫀🧠

Note the following findings:-Early renal medullary dilation/ hydronephrosis-Dilated distal ureter-Bladder trigone mass "...
15/06/2025

Note the following findings:

-Early renal medullary dilation/ hydronephrosis
-Dilated distal ureter
-Bladder trigone mass "cauliflower-like" appearance
-Typical urothelial carcinoma cells on cytology

Consistent with urothelial carcinoma (TCC) with secondary ureteral obstruction and very early hydronephrosis changes

A collection a varying gastric wall appearances:Correlate imaging findings with the following to narrow down the diagnos...
10/06/2025

A collection a varying gastric wall appearances:

Correlate imaging findings with the following to narrow down the diagnosis and direct further diagnostics:
-History
-Signalment
-Clinical signs
-Cytology/ histopathology

🧠🤔👁🔬💉🩺

3 x intestinal changes demonstrated on ultrasound...Spot the differences 🧐👀👁🧠-Intestinal entrapment within a hernia-Intu...
10/06/2025

3 x intestinal changes demonstrated on ultrasound...
Spot the differences 🧐👀👁🧠

-Intestinal entrapment within a hernia
-Intussusception
-Linear foreign body

Happy hunting and differentiating

Fluid is your ultrasound friend-Improved beam attenuation-Architectural detail-Lesion demarcationThen the effusion worku...
10/06/2025

Fluid is your ultrasound friend
-Improved beam attenuation
-Architectural detail
-Lesion demarcation

Then the effusion workup begins...
Broad categories:
-Transudate
--Low protein
--High protein
-Exudate
--Septic
--Non-septic

Correlate with the total protein, nucleated cell count, specific gravity and most important... CYTOLOGY🧫💉

Effusion evaluation will always be paired with further diagnostic imaging- varying combinations of ultrasound, radiographs, CT nto obtain a diagnosis.

Happy scanning and sampling 💉🩸🔬🧪⚗️

Pulmonary metastatic lesions- typical findings on ultrasound.Note the following:-Well-defined homogenous hypoechoic roun...
05/01/2025

Pulmonary metastatic lesions- typical findings on ultrasound.

Note the following:
-Well-defined homogenous hypoechoic rounded nodules
-Lung gas interface disruption
-Adjacent normal lung gas appearance
-Difference between lung vs rib shadowing
-Detection of pulmonary lesions through the diaphragm (DH view)

The DH (diaphragmatico-hepatic) view provides a quick and informative screening on the thorax while performing an abdominal ultrasound.
CT is the gold standard for detection but ultrasound provides excellent information, especially with lesions located on the periphery.

Finding the pulmonary lesions is part of the puzzle.
The next step (if not already determined) is evaluation for the primary lesion.

Primaries that like to hide and should be searched for:
-Osteosarcoma
-A**l gland a**l sac adenocarcinoma
-Prostatic carcinoma
-Mammary carcinoma
-Primary pulmonary carcinoma

Happy hunting and scanning

A collection of cytology diagnoses...Pearls of advise:1. When in doubt stick a needle in it.2. When sending a slide away...
05/11/2024

A collection of cytology diagnoses...

Pearls of advise:
1. When in doubt stick a needle in it.
2. When sending a slide away for evaluation take some pictures for personal reference and to compare to report.

Easy and helpful to build a database of confirmed cytological diagnoses.

Happy needle pokey pokey 💉💉💉🔬🔬🔬

Striking gastric changes on ultrasound...17y old feline patient with chronic vomittingNote the following gastric US chan...
05/11/2024

Striking gastric changes on ultrasound...

17y old feline patient with chronic vomitting

Note the following gastric US changes:
*Eccentric mural mass
*Complete loss of layering
*Thickened gastric wall
*Heterogenous hypoechoic echogenicity
*Adjacent rounded hypoechoic LNN changes
*Reactive/ inflammed adjacent mesenteric fat

Strongest differential:
Gastric neoplasia

Most common gastric neoplasia in cats: Lymphoma
Additional neoplastic DD's: Adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, mast cell and gastrointestinal
stromal tumours.

So whats next?📋
Cytology or histopathology

Why?🧫
Confirmation of differential and treatment planning

And the how?🔭
FNA
Endoscopy with biopsies
Exploratory laparotomy with biopsies

What to consider?🩸
Degree of invasiveness
Patient stability
Equipment availability
Cost

Informative article abstract where the conclusion says it all:

"CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Sonography and endoscopy are useful for the diagnosis of gastric neoplasia. Endoscopy is more accurate in identifying gastric neoplasia; however, sonography can raise the clinical suspicion for gastric neoplasia and may provide a less invasive means of gathering information before endoscopy."

Happy scanning... 📸🔬🩺

Some cases (with great surprise 😮) do follow the textbooks... 📚Interesting but unfortunately expected final finding in a...
18/09/2024

Some cases (with great surprise 😮) do follow the textbooks... 📚
Interesting but unfortunately expected final finding in a elderly GSHP with abnormal abdominal ultrasound changes.

Large rounded, defined, heterogenous, partial cavitary medial Iliac lymph nodes (images) with a haphazard blood flow on doppler were demonstrated.

Further clinical examination revealed an a**l rim nodule.
Piecing the pizzle together 🧩 with nodule and lymph node FNA's (images) demonstrated a carcinomatous population.

Working diagnosis:
A**l glad a**l sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA).

Take home msg: if enlarged neoplastic appearing lymp nodes are found... find the primary lesion.

Happy scanning and diagnosing 🔬🩺🧫

Address

Johannesburg

Opening Hours

Monday 07:00 - 17:00
Tuesday 07:00 - 17:00

Telephone

+27823799056

Website

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