18/01/2023
**Why Wednesday** Why are the colors blue and white so special in birds?
Most colors seen in animals are created through amino acid pigments in the skin, feathers, scales, etc. Most of us are familiar with how different levels of the amino acid melanin cause different shades of brown. Birds use a combination of melanins, carotenoids, and porphyrins to pigment their feathers, eyes, and skin. These 3 amino acids can produce many colors and tones including red, orange, yellow, green, and brown.
So how is it that there are bird with bright blue and white feathers if there are no pigments that produce them? This is due to something called “Structural Colors”. If you remember back to science class, you may remember talking about how light can be refracted or bent, scattered, reflected.
Blue and white are visually produced with special structures in the feather that scatter the light in just the right way to change the color! If you were to take a red feather and grind it up, it will still look red. If you grind up a blue feather, it will look tan!
The structural colors will also change when the feathers are wet because the water refracts the scattered light and disrupts how the structures work!
Have you noticed your birds looking drab after a good soaking bath?
Structural color image photo credit to Andrew Leach
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