Dr Victor Poon

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Dr Victor Poon BVSc , MANZCVS (Small Animal Internal Medicine)
Veterinarian in Soares Avenue Paws & Claws Clinic,HK

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髖關節脫位 — 栓釘固定術 (Toggle Pin Technique)栓釘固定術 (Toggle Pin Technique) 包括植入一條人工韌帶，用以取代原有的圓韌帶及其功能。然而，這項技術僅建議在患者具有正常髖關節形態 (Norma...
13/07/2026

髖關節脫位 — 栓釘固定術 (Toggle Pin Technique)
栓釘固定術 (Toggle Pin Technique) 包括植入一條人工韌帶，用以取代原有的圓韌帶及其功能。
然而，這項技術僅建議在患者具有正常髖關節形態 (Normal hip conformation) 的情況下使用。與補救性手術不同，此方案能完整保留原有的髖關節結構。由於此程序對精確度的要求較高且過程較為複雜，其費用通常高於股骨頭及股骨頸切除術 (FHNE)。若受到足夠的外力衝擊，植入物仍有失敗的風險，並可能導致髖關節再次脫位；在這種情況下，則可考慮進行補救性手術。

🔹https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-luxation-toggle-pin-technique🔹

Hip Luxation – Toggle Pin technique
Toggle pin technique involves placing an artificial ligament (Green line) to replace the round ligament and its function. However this technique is only recommended if the patient has normal hip conformation. The hip joints gets preserved unlike salvage procedures. This procedure require more precision and more involved compare to FHNE therefore it usually costs more than FHNE. The implants can fail with enough force and hip luxation can recur. In these cases, salvage procedure can be considered.
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髖關節脫位 — 股骨頭及股骨頸切除術 [FHNE]FHNE 包括以手術方式切除股骨頭及股骨頸。這被視為一種補救性手術 (Salvage procedure)，因為一旦股骨頭被切除，它將永遠消失。此手術能防止髖關節內發生骨與骨之間的摩擦，從而...
11/07/2026

髖關節脫位 — 股骨頭及股骨頸切除術 [FHNE]
FHNE 包括以手術方式切除股骨頭及股骨頸。這被視為一種補救性手術 (Salvage procedure)，因為一旦股骨頭被切除，它將永遠消失。此手術能防止髖關節內發生骨與骨之間的摩擦，從而消除疼痛並改善生活質素 (QOL)。隨後，髖關節將僅由軟組織（例如肌肉及疤痕組織）來維持穩定。
對於小型犬隻，此手術的預後通常非常理想，且其費用通常低於其他髖關節外科手術。

🔹https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-luxation-femoral-head-and-neck-excision-fhne🔹

Hip Luxation – Femoral head and neck excision [FHNE]
FHNE involves surgical removal of the femoral head and neck and it’s considered as salvage procedure because once the femoral head is removed, then it will be gone forever. This will prevent bone to bone rubbing within the hip hence eliminate pain and improve quality of life (QOL). The hip subsequently be stabilized with only the soft tissue (eg muscle/scar tissue). The prognosis is usually excellent for small size dogs and it usually costs less than other hip surgical procedure.
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髖關節脫位 – 外科手術方案對於慢性髖關節脫位或在閉合性復位後再次脫位 (Reluxate) 的案例，應考慮外科手術治療。主要的手術方案分為兩大類：圓韌帶重建術 (Round ligament reconstruction，如 Toggle...
08/07/2026

髖關節脫位 – 外科手術方案
對於慢性髖關節脫位或在閉合性復位後再次脫位 (Reluxate) 的案例，應考慮外科手術治療。
主要的手術方案分為兩大類：圓韌帶重建術 (Round ligament reconstruction，如 Toggle Pin 栓釘固定技術) 以及 補救性手術 (Salvage procedures)，後者包括股骨頭及股骨頸切除術 (FHNE/FHO) 或全髖關節置換術 (THR)。
每種手術方案各有利弊，在進行外科干預前應深入討論。考慮因素包括：

臨床症狀 (Clinical signs)
體重與體型 (Weight and size)
年齡 (Age)
預算成本 (Cost)
髖關節形態 (Hip conformation)

🔹https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-luxation-surgical-options

Hip Luxation – Surgical options
Surgical options should be considered for chronic hip luxation and hips that reluxate after closed reduction. The 2 main types of procedure include round ligament reconstruction (Toggle Pin technique) and salvage procedures (femoral head and neck excision [FHNE] or Total hip replacement [THR]). Each procedures have their pros/cons, and should be discussed prior to surgical intervention.
Some of the factors for consideration include: Clinical signs, Weight and size, Age, Cost and Hip conformation.
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髖關節脫位 — 尾腹側脫位 (Caudoventral Luxation)尾腹側髖關節脫位的治療方法與頭背側脫位相似。對於急性的、無併發症之髖關節脫位，建議在全身麻醉下進行閉合性復位 (Closed reduction)。復位後，需為後肢戴...
05/07/2026

髖關節脫位 — 尾腹側脫位 (Caudoventral Luxation)
尾腹側髖關節脫位的治療方法與頭背側脫位相似。對於急性的、無併發症之髖關節脫位，建議在全身麻醉下進行閉合性復位 (Closed reduction)。
復位後，需為後肢戴上足枷固定 (Hobbles)，以防止髖關節外展 (Abduction)，需維持兩週。同時，籠內禁足 (Cage confinement) 對於限制髖關節活動亦不可或缺。若保守治療無效，則需考慮外科手術方案。
❌ 注意：對於腹側脫位，禁忌使用艾默氏吊帶 (Ehmer slings) ❌

🔹https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-luxation-caudoventral-luxation🔹

Hip Luxation – caudoventral luxation
Treatment for caudalventral hip luxation is similar to craniodosal luxation. Closed reduction under general anesthesia is recommended for acute, uncomplicated hip luxation. The hind limbs are then placed in hobbles to prevent abduction of the hips for 2 weeks. Cage confinement is also essential for immobilization of the hip. If conservative treatment fails, then surgical options can be considered.
❌Ehmer slings are contraindicated for ventral luxation❌
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髖關節脫位 — 頭背側脫位 (Craniodorsal Luxation)髖關節脫位最常見的原因是外傷，而部分患犬本身存在潛在的髖關節發育不良 (Underlying hip dysplasia)，這會使牠們在受到較輕微的外傷時也更容易發生...
02/07/2026

髖關節脫位 — 頭背側脫位 (Craniodorsal Luxation)
髖關節脫位最常見的原因是外傷，而部分患犬本身存在潛在的髖關節發育不良 (Underlying hip dysplasia)，這會使牠們在受到較輕微的外傷時也更容易發生脫位。股骨頭通常會脫位至髖臼邊緣的背側，其中以頭背側 (Craniodorsal，即前方及上方) 移位最為常見。

透過 X 光檢查確認脫位的方向至關重要，因為治療方案會因脫位方向而有所不同。對於急性的、無併發症（髖臼邊緣與股骨頭形態正常）的髖關節脫位，應嘗試進行閉合性復位 (Closed reduction)。

治療過程需在全身麻醉下進行閉合性復位。成功復位（股骨頭回到正常位置）後，建議進行嚴格的籠內休息 (Strict cage confinement)，並視乎情況配合包紮固定，以便受損的軟組織進行纖維化癒合 (Fibrous healing)。若保守治療無效，則需考慮外科手術方案。

🔺https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-luxation-craniodorsal-luxation🔺

Hip Luxation – Craniodorsal luxation
The most common cause of hip luxation is trauma and some of these patients have underlying hip dysplasia which predispose them to luxation with less severe trauma. The femoral head is usually dislocated dorsal to the acetabular rim, with a craniodorsal (front and up) position being the most common. It is essential to confirm hip luxation orientation by X-ray because the treatment plan is different. Closed reduction should be attempt for acute, uncomplicated hip luxation (normal looking acetabular rim and femoral head)
Treatment involves closed reduction under general anesthesia. After successful closed reduction (femoral head returned to its normal location), immobilization of the hip with strict cage confinement +/- bandage is recommended so that fibrous healing of damaged soft tissues can occur. If conservative treatment fails, then surgical options can be considered.

髖關節發育不良 – 外科手術選項 2. 雙重骨盆切開術 (DPO) [8-12 個月大]這項手術適用於 8 至 12 個月大、患有髖關節發育不良但尚未出現退化性關節炎病變的幼犬。這意味著該手術有一個特定的「黃金機會期」；若犬隻已經發展出關節...
29/06/2026

髖關節發育不良 – 外科手術選項 2. 雙重骨盆切開術 (DPO) [8-12 個月大]
這項手術適用於 8 至 12 個月大、患有髖關節發育不良但尚未出現退化性關節炎病變的幼犬。這意味著該手術有一個特定的「黃金機會期」；若犬隻已經發展出關節炎或年齡過大，則無法再進行此手術。
手術過程包括將配合不良的髖臼 (Acetabulum) 從骨盆其他部分鋸開，重新調整髖臼位置以使其與股骨頭 (Femoral head) 更緊密貼合，最後使用骨板及骨釘 (Plate and screws) 固定骨盆骨與髖臼。
與 JPS（幼犬恥骨聯合物理固定術）相比，此程序更為複雜且造成的創傷較大。因此，若檢測到髖關節發育不良，強烈建議儘早進行干預。

🔺https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-dysplasia-surgical-options-2-double-pelvic-osteotomy-dpo-8-12months🔺

Hip dysplasia – Surgical options 2. Double Pelvic Osteotomy (DPO) [8-12months]
This surgery is appropriate for young dogs (8-12months old) with dysplasia but without osteoarthritis changes. This means that there is a window of opportunity for this surgery and if the dog develops arthritis or becomes too old, it will be too late to do this surgery.
Procedure involves sawing free the ill-fitting acetabulum from the rest of the pelvis, reposition the acetabulum piece for a tighter fit on the femoral head, and then stabiles the pelvic bone and acetabulum piece with plate/screws.
This procedure is much more involved and traumatic compare to JPS therefore early intervention is highly recommended if hip dysplasia was detected
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26/06/2026

髖關節發育不良 – 外科手術選項 1. 幼犬恥骨聯合物理固定術 (JPS) [3-5 個月大]
這項手術對象為五個月大以下的幼犬。因此，它通常被視為一種預防性手術——即在確認幼犬是否必然發展成髖關節發育不良之前，一旦檢測到關節鬆弛 (Hip laxity) 即可進行。恥骨聯合 (P***c symphysis, [紫色線]) 是連接左右兩側骨盆的軟骨接縫。隨著犬隻發育成熟，這部分軟骨會轉化為骨骼，使骨盆的左右兩半永久融合。
此手術會令恥骨聯合提早閉合，從而減慢骨盆腹側（底部）的生長速度（相對於背側/頂部而言）。這會促使發育中的髖臼（Hip sockets）產生旋轉，進而提升對股骨頭的覆蓋率。
這項手術的黃金治療期極其短暫（3 至 5 個月大）。因此，如果幼犬屬於高風險品種，即使尚未表現出任何身體不適，亦建議在 4 個月大左右接受篩選 X 光檢查。在幼犬仍處於適齡階段時進行這項預防性手術，能讓其獲得最大的臨床益處。

🔺https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-dysplasia-surgical-options-1-juvenile-p***c-symphysiodesis-jps-3-5months-old🔺

Hip dysplasia – Surgical options 1. Juvenile P***c Symphysiodesis (JPS) [3-5months old]
This surgery is performed on young puppies before five months of age, so it is generally done as a preventive procedure before it is known if the puppy will indeed have dysplastic hips but after hip laxity has been detected. The p***c symphysis (purple line) is the cartilage seam connecting the right side of the pelvis to the left side. As an individual matures, this cartilage converts to bone and the two halves of the pelvis fuse permanently.
This surgery prematurely seals the symphysis, which decreases the growth rate of the ventral (bottom) part of the hip compare to the dorsal (top) part. Hence results in rotation (purple arrows) of the developing hip sockets and improve femoral head coverage
The correction window (3-5 months of age) is very narrow for this procedure so if a puppy is a predisposed breed, it may be worth getting screening radiographs around 4 months of age even though no physical discomfort has developed. It may be worth having this preventive procedure while the puppy is still at an age to benefit from it.

23/06/2026

髖關節發育不良 — Ortolani 檢查
Ortolani 檢查是臨床上確認髖關節發育不良（HD）的重要方法。Ortolani 陽性反應通常見於發病初期（4 至 12 個月大）；然而，當病徵進入慢性期，若出現關節周圍纖維化 (Periarticular fibrosis)，則未必能誘發此反應。進行此檢查時，通常需要對動物進行鎮靜或全身麻醉。

操作方法： 動物採仰臥或側臥位（後者最為常見）。一隻手穩定髖關節背側，另一隻手沿股骨長度方向施加向下壓力。若髖關節鬆弛，對膝關節（Stifle）施加的背側壓力會使股骨向背側移位。若股骨出現半脫位，此時外展 (Abduction) 股骨會使股骨頭復位至髖臼內，並產生可感知的摩擦感，有時甚至能聽到「咔嗒」一聲。

🔺https://drvictorpoon.com/hip-dysplasia-ortolani-test🔺

Hip dysplasia - Ortolani test
Ortolani test is the test to confirm hip dysplasia clinically. Positive Ortolani sign can be found during early stages (4-12 months of age) but may not be present in chronic stages when periarticular fibrosis is present. Sedation or anesthesia is typically required.
With the animal in dorsal or lateral recumbency (most common position), pressure is applied down the length of the femur with one hand while the other hand stabilizes the dorsal aspect of the hip joint. Dorsal force applied to the stifle will displace the femur dorsally if the hip is lax. If the femur subluxates, abduction of the femur causes the femoral head reduce into the acetabulum with a palpable grating, and sometimes audible "click".

20/06/2026

髖關節發育不良 — 「兔子跳」步態 (Bunny hopping)
患有髖關節發育不良（HD）的犬隻，其後肢步態通常會出現異常，表現為盆骨搖擺或兔子跳（Bunny hopping）。💢
在這段影片中，可以看到他在奔跑時出現了明顯的「兔子跳」動作。
💡 小貼士： 在觀察異常步態時，拍攝影片並以慢動作回放非常有助於精確診斷。📹

Pelvic limb gait is typically abnormal in dogs with hip dysplasia and can manifest as swaying of the pelvis or bunny hopping.
In this video, bunny hopping can be seen when he’s running.
Tips: Videotaping and slowing down the footage can help tremendously when looking at abnormal gait.

髖關節發育不良 (Hip dysplasia)髖關節發育不良 (Hip Dysplasia, HD) 是一種常見的發育性骨科疾病，涉及髖關節過度鬆弛及畸形，通常會導致股骨頭半脫位及繼發性退化性關節炎 (Osteoarthritis, OA)...
17/06/2026

髖關節發育不良 (Hip dysplasia)
髖關節發育不良 (Hip Dysplasia, HD) 是一種常見的發育性骨科疾病，涉及髖關節過度鬆弛及畸形，通常會導致股骨頭半脫位及繼發性退化性關節炎 (Osteoarthritis, OA)。與 HD 相關的疼痛通常由 OA 引起。💢

可在犬隻幼年時期、即 OA 發作前診斷出 HD，從而爭取機會保護受影響的關節（通常透過手術）；預防或延緩繼發性 OA 的發生；並將該動物從育種群中移除。診斷方法包括臨床檢查及 X 光檢查。🩻

若在 OA 發展後才確診，可透過補救性外科手術及/或及早開始 OA 治療，以提供長期止痛效果，並維持活動能力與功能。

想了解更多關於退化性關節炎 (OA) 的資訊，請點擊： https://www.instagram.com/p/CkanY2pvyq_/?img_index=1

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common developmental orthopedic disorder involving excessive hip joint laxity and malformation that often lead to subluxation of the femoral head and secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Pain associated with HD is usually related to OA.💢
Diagnosis of HD can be made early in life, before onset of OA, thereby providing an opportunity to preserve the affected joints (typically via surgery); prevent or delay onset of secondary OA; and remove the animal from the breeding pool. Diagnosis is made by clinical examination and radiograph.🩻
If diagnosis is made after OA has developed, salvage surgical procedures and/or early initiation of therapy for OA can provide long term pain relief and maintain mobility/function.
More on Oesteoarthritis (OA), click this:
https://www.instagram.com/p/CkanY2pvyq_/?img_index=1

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