Dr Victor Poon (2025)

30/08/2025

外陰成形手術
外陰成形手術是一種為母犬進行的手術，目的是矯正內縮或覆蓋型外陰。當過多的皮膚皺褶覆蓋住外陰時，就可能導致這種情況，進而引發感染及其他併發症。這項手術會移除多餘的皮膚，以利於保持衛生，並降低泌尿道感染及其他問題的風險。

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Vulvoplasty
Vulvoplasty is a surgical procedure performed on female dogs to correct a recessed or hooded v***a. This condition occurs when excess skin folds cover the v***a, potentially leading to infections and other complications. The surgery involves removing the excess skin to allow for better hygiene and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections and other issues.

28/08/2025

這位貓媽媽是天生的育兒好手！😻

This mommy is a natural! 😻

26/08/2025

新手媽媽與褓母
並非所有的母親都天生懂得如何照顧新生兒。有時候，需要一位褓母來協助和支持新手媽媽。
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Mommy and Nanny
Not all mother knows how to take care of their new born. Sometimes Nanny is needed to give mommy some help.

24/08/2025

懷孕第三部分 - 超聲波 - 心跳 💗
在進行懷孕超聲波檢查時，我們會觀察胎兒的心跳及其心率🫀。胎兒心率能為我們提供許多寶貴的資訊。
正常的胎兒心率範圍在 190-220 bpm 之間。
💖 當心率下降到 190 bpm 以下時，表示胎兒可能處於窘迫狀態。
💛 若心率降至 160 bpm 以下，則屬於緊急情況，需要立即介入處理。
❤️🩹 如果心率低於 130 bpm，且幼貓未在幾小時內分娩出來，其存活率會很低。💔

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Part 3 Pregnancy – Ultrasound --- Heartbeat 💗
During a pregnancy ultrasound assessment, we look for foetal heart beat and heart rate.🫀
Foetal heart rate gives us a lot of valuable information.
Normal foetal heart rates range from 190-220bpm. 💖
When it drops to

22/08/2025

懷孕第二部分 - 超聲波
超聲波是檢測懷孕和估算胎兒懷孕週齡的絕佳工具。
貓咪的平均懷孕期約為 64 天（範圍從 52-74 天）。通常在懷孕的 25-38 天左右可以檢測到胎兒的心跳🫀。單獨使用超聲波有時難以準確計算胎兒的數量，因此建議同時搭配X-ray🩻。胎兒的存活狀況可以透過是否有心跳來判斷。
有多種方法可以估算懷孕週齡，其中我最喜歡的方法之一是使用胎兒頭部直徑。
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醫療小貼士
以下公式適用於懷孕超過 40 天的情況，頭部直徑單位為cm：
⭕️ 懷孕週齡 (Gestational Age, GA) GA=(25×頭部直徑)+3
⭕️ 距離分娩天數 (Days Before Parturition, DBP) DBP=(−2.1×頭部直徑(毫米))+50.74
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以本案例為例：
• 胎兒頭部直徑為 1.9 公分 (19 毫米)
計算懷孕週齡 (GA)： GA=(25×1.9)+3=50.5 天
計算距離分娩天數 (DBP)： DBP=(−2.1×19)+50.74=10.84 天
結果顯示，這隻母貓在檢查後 10 天自然且順利地分娩了。

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Part 2 Pregnancy – Ultrasound
Ultrasonography is an excellent tool to detect pregnancy and estimate fetal gestational age.
Average length of gestation for cats is about 64 days (range from 52-74 days) 😺and foetus heart beat🫀 generally can be detected at around day 25-38. Counting the number of foetus can sometimes be difficult with ultrasound therefore radiograph🩻 should be performed at the same time. Viability of the foetus can be determined by the present of heart beat. There are few methods to determine the gestation age, and one of my favorite is to use head diameter.

--Medical tips--
⭕️Gestational age (GA) +/-2 days (>40 days gestation, measurements in cm)
GA = (25 x head diameter) + 3

⭕️Days before parturition (DBP)
DBP = (-2.1 x ( Head diameter in mm)) + 50.74

In this case
GA = (25 x 1.9) + 3 = 50.5
DBP = (-2.1 x 19) + 50.74 = 10.84
And in this case, the queen gave birth naturally and successfully 10 days after examination.

20/08/2025

懷孕第一部分 - X-Ray
X光片🩻 是診斷懷孕的絕佳工具。通常，胎兒的骨骼鈣化最早在大約配種後的 38-40 天開始，因此在此之前，X光片可能無法檢測到懷孕。
-X光片的優點是能夠提供-：
• 胎兒的數量
• 胎兒的大小
• 任何可能阻礙母犬或母貓自然分娩的胎兒結構異常
-X光片的局限性是無法提供-：
• 預估懷孕週齡
• 胎兒的存活狀況（骨骼已鈣化的胎兒不代表是活著的）
幸運的是，我們可以利用超音波等其他工具來克服這些局限性。
在這個案例中，X光片顯示有兩隻胎兒 🚼🚼，而這些是牠們出生後與媽媽的照片 😻。

Part 1 Pregnancy - Radiograph
Radiography 🩻 is an excellent tool to reveal pregnancy. Generally, calcification of fetal bone begins as early as 38-40days post-breeding therefore pregnancy might not be detectable by radiograph before that.
🆗Radiograph provides information such as:
--Number of litters
--Litter size
--Any conformational abnormality that will prevent the queen having a natural birth.
❎However it doesn’t provide information such as:
--Estimated gestation age
-- Viability of the foetus (calcified foetus doesn’t mean the foetus is alive)
Luckily we have different tools such as ultrasound to overcome these limitations.
In this case, there are 2 foetus 🚼🚼 on the X-ray and these are the pictures of them with the mother 😻

18/08/2025

乳腺腫瘤
這隻貓咪前來就診的原因是乳腺腫塊快速生長，這個巨大的腫塊從左側乳腺一路延伸到右側。由於腫塊體積龐大，加上切除後皮膚是否足夠進行初級閉合（直接縫合傷口）是個挑戰。
幸運的是，貓咪的皮膚彈性相對較好，因此切除腫瘤後的缺損處能夠在張力最小的情況下進行初級閉合。在手術前，我總是會準備好備用方案，當時我也準備好若有需要會進行皮瓣手術，但幸運的是，這次並沒有用到。
腫瘤已經送去進行組織病理學檢查，結果顯示是良性腫瘤。
大多數貓咪的乳腺腫瘤中，90% 是惡性，10% 是良性（這隻貓咪是幸運兒！）。相較之下，狗狗的乳腺腫瘤則約有 50% 是惡性，50% 是良性。

Mammary gland tumors
This patient was presented for a rapid growing large mammary mass which extended from the left mammary glands to the right side. Surgical removal of this mass was challenging due to the size of the mass and the skin availability for primary closure after the mass removal. Luckily feline skin is relatively elastic therefore the defect was able to close with primary closure with minimal tension. It is important to have a backup plan prior to the procedure. I was prepared to perform skin flaps if required and fortunately it’s not needed in this case. The mass was sent out for histopathology and came back as benign tumor.
Most feline mammary tumors are 90% malignant and 10% benign. (She was the lucky one!)
For Canine, 50% of mammary tumors are malignant and 50% are benign.

16/08/2025

隱睪症
隱睪症是指一側或兩側睪丸未能下降到陰囊中的情況。未下降的睪丸可能位於皮下、鼠蹊管或腹腔內。也可能出現睪丸完全缺失（單睪症或無睪症）。
如果睪丸停留在腹腔內，由於體內核心溫度較高，會抑制精子的發育，因此無法產生精子。但是，無論睪丸停留在哪裡，它們仍然會產生睪固酮。
圖片顯示了正常與隱睪症患犬的睪丸大小差異。如您所見，異常的睪丸通常較小。由於未下降的睪丸有較高的機率演變成睪丸腫瘤，因此強烈建議透過手術將其移除。

-Cryptorchidism-
Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both te**es to descend into the sc***um. The retained testicle/s may be located subcutaneously, in the inguinal canal or in the abdomen. It is also possible to have absence of testicle/s (monorchism and anorchidism). If the retained testicle is in the abdomen, it will not contain s***m since the higher core body temperature suppresses s***m development. However, retained testicles still produce testosterone.

The picture shows the difference in testicular size for a normal and cryptorchid patient. As you can see, the abnormal testicles are usually smaller. The retained te**es have a higher chance of testicular tumor therefore it's recommended to surgically remove them.

14/08/2025

子宮蓄膿
我執行的最常見急救手術之一是子宮蓄膿手術。這是一種可以通過絕育來預防的疾病，任何雌性犬貓都有風險。蓄膿是由子宮中的嚴重感染引起的，細菌會進入血液並導致敗血症和器官衰竭 🦠。
臨床症狀
子宮蓄膿的臨床症狀包括：
• 陰道排出物過多
• 嘔吐
• 腹瀉
• 食慾不振
評估嚴重性
可以通過不同的診斷測試來評估病情的嚴重性，包括血液檢查、X 光和超聲檢查 ☠️。
圖片說明
• 圖片 1：兩個黑色圓形結構是充滿液體的子宮，位於膀胱背側。
• 圖片 2：手術中顯示的異常膨脹/擴大/充滿液體的子宮。
• 圖片 3：這兩個子宮來自大小相似的患者，異常的子宮比正常的子宮大得多且表面不平整。

English version:
https://www.instagram.com/p/ClitpmKLjq9/?img_index=1

12/08/2025

心包積水 ❤🩸
心包囊是一種纖維囊，包圍著心臟，提供機械保護並減少心臟與周圍結構之間的摩擦。當心包內異常積液（心包積水）時，會限制心臟泵血的能力。
-心包積水的影響-
當心包囊內的壓力超過心臟內的壓力時，會減少回流到心臟的血量，從而降低泵出血液的量（心臟壓塞）。在這些情況下，通常需要進行心包液抽取（心包穿刺）。
-心包液的特徵-
心包液通常看起來像血液。然而，與心臟或血管中的血液不同，心包液通常不會凝固。
-進一步調查-
進一步調查心包積水的原因非常重要。最常見的原因包括心臟腫瘤和特發性心包積水。

English version
https://www.instagram.com/p/CzbK18GM_C1/?img_index=2

08/08/2025

貓的主動脈血栓栓塞 (Feline Aortic ThromboEmbolism)
這是貓咪的爪子👣。左側的爪子 🟣 明顯比右側的爪子 🔴 更蒼白，這是由於灌注不足所致。當發生局部灌注不足時，高度懷疑動脈阻塞。最常見的原因是血栓（血塊）堵塞在主動脈中。這些患者通常表現出後肢無力或癱瘓，並伴有劇烈疼痛 😿。股動脈的脈搏通常微弱或缺失，並且直腸溫度較低。不幸的是，一旦發生，預後非常差。

English version:
https://www.instagram.com/p/CmWUaVsryHB/

14/03/2024

Hip dysplasia – Surgical options 1. Juvenile P***c Symphysiodesis (JPS) [3-5months old]
This surgery is performed on young puppies before five months of age, so it is generally done as a preventive procedure before it is known if the puppy will indeed have dysplastic hips but after hip laxity has been detected. The p***c symphysis (purple line) is the cartilage seam connecting the right side of the pelvis to the left side. As an individual matures, this cartilage converts to bone and the two halves of the pelvis fuse permanently.
This surgery prematurely seals the symphysis, which decreases the growth rate of the ventral (bottom) part of the hip compare to the dorsal (top) part. Hence results in rotation (purple arrows) of the developing hip sockets and improve femoral head coverage
The correction window (3-5 months of age) is very narrow for this procedure so if a puppy is a predisposed breed, it may be worth getting screening radiographs around 4 months of age even though no physical discomfort has developed. It may be worth having this preventive procedure while the puppy is still at an age to benefit from it.
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Dr Victor Poon