11/21/2017
Good info...
Toenail fun observations just from what we have seen over the years:
They are often longer on the front feet than the back. That's because dogs are usually rear wheel drive, meaning they typically push off with their back feet when they run, wearing off the toenails more on those feet.
Some breeds and individual dogs are more difficult to keep the nail super-short on. Dogs with longer, flatter toes tend to have nails that grow straight from the end of the toe and don't start to wear down from movement until they are quite long. Dogs with upright, compact toes tend to wear down more quickly from movement as their nails grow downward instead of straight out.
Gait affects nail length and wear. Dogs with bow legs for example, tend to have uneven wear as some toes make more contact with the ground and bear more weight than others. Dogs with lameness issues, or who drag a foot due to spinal issues show it in their nails. Dogs with upright movement tend to need more frequent trimming than dogs with a bit more reach to keep nails short, but dogs with exaggerated reach tend to have long front nails.
Certain activities can cause uneven nail wear - scratching a door with a favorite paw, digging, spinning in one direction.
Dewclaws tend to be more curved than the nails on the foot, and don't wear at all from movement, so they can get long much more quickly than the other nails. They are also much more prone to getting hooked or caught on things and traumatically torn, so it's important to keep them under control. Torn toenails are very, very painful. Rear dewclaws are even more at risk than front ones.
Almost all dogs benefit from nail trimming at least monthly, some need them done even more frequently to keep them under control. Very few dogs maintain an ideal length of nail without any trimming.
Once nails are really overgrown, they can be really hard to get back under control. We have clients with dogs who were adopted as adults with already overgrown nails. Even with careful, regular trimming, some of these dogs will never have short nails. Sometimes the quick will recede, sometimes it just doesn't and you're stuck with long toenails and the best you can do is to keep the problem from getting any worse.
Dog owners are often tricked by white toenails. It looks like you can see the whole quick (blood vessel), but sometimes it tricks you by narrowing down so that you can't see it, so white toenails should be approached with as much caution as black ones.
Long toenails are a problem that is beyond cosmetic. They can spread the toes if they are straight, splaying the foot. They can grow into the toes if they are curved. They can change the way that weight is distributed and affect the joints. It's a good idea to keep them under control.