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DABO FARMS Academy, Bichi (2025)

12/05/2025

FEEDING GUIDE ON BROILER CHICKS

Starter Feed (0-3 weeks):
The starter feed is designed to provide the energy and protein necessary for rapid growth during the first few weeks of a broiler's life. It's typically higher in protein content to support muscle and feather development.

Here’s a typical formulation for starter feed:

Maize (Corn): 50-60% – Provides energy.

Soybean Meal: 25-30% – Rich in protein for growth.

Fish Meal/Meat Meal: 5-10% – Additional protein to boost growth.

Wheat Bran: 5% – Source of fiber and micronutrients.

Limestone: 1-2% – Ensures proper bone development.

Dicalcium Phosphate: 1-2% – Provides phosphorus and calcium for bone health.

Salt: 0.2-0.3% – Maintains electrolyte balance.

Vitamin and Mineral Premixes: As per manufacturer's guidelines for the required nutrients.

Probiotics and Enzymes: 0.5-1% – Improves digestion and nutrient absorption.

Grower Feed (3-6 weeks):
The grower feed formulation is slightly lower in protein than the starter feed but still maintains enough protein to support continued growth and muscle development.

Typical grower feed formulation:

Maize (Corn): 55-65% – Provides energy for continued growth.

Soybean Meal: 20-25% – Protein for muscle development.

Sunflower Meal: 5-10% – Additional protein source and enhances digestibility.

Rice Bran: 5-10% – Provides energy and fats for increased growth rate.

Wheat Bran: 2-5% – Fiber for digestion.

Limestone: 1-1.5% – Calcium for bone health.

Dicalcium Phosphate: 1-1.5% – Balanced phosphorus and calcium.

Salt: 0.2-0.3% – Electrolyte balance.

Vitamin and Mineral Premixes: According to manufacturer guidelines.

Probiotics and Enzymes: 0.5-1% – Support gut health and nutrient absorption.

Finisher Feed (6 weeks until market):
The finisher feed focuses on providing the final boost in weight gain and ensures that broilers reach market weight efficiently. It contains less protein than the grower feed, as the chickens are now focusing more on fat deposition.

16/11/2024

Stopped don't throwaway that ground nut
Shells

The benefits of
Groundnut shells you don't know

To us Groundnut is common maybe that is why we under utilize it. Especially the shells, often throw them away.

This is us telling you that if you have a person suffering from hypertension or high blood pressure HBP.
Just gather enough of those groundnut shells put them in a pot and add clean water. Then boil for like 30 mins.

You can take it a glass teacup 2 times daily.

IT IS DONE.
You can do us the favour of checking that BP again for a remarkable improvement and don't forget to share your testimonies here.

NB: This post is for educational purposes and doesn't counter your doctors advice.
If you must engage in this practice, while on it avoid pịlls that have the same effet of stabilizing your HBP

Feel free to drop your Opinion in comment.

We are natures fortune We care
We love to see you healthy

30/10/2024

BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE.

Agriculture has several branches, each focusing on different aspects of farming, food production, and related activities. Key branches include:

1. Crop Production: Involves growing and harvesting crops for food, fiber, and other uses.

2. Horticulture: Focuses on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants.

3. Animal Husbandry: Concerned with breeding and raising livestock for meat, milk, wool, and other products.

4. Agronomy: Studies soil management and crop production techniques to improve yields.

5. Agricultural Engineering: Applies engineering principles to design equipment and structures for farming.

6. Soil Science: Examines soil properties and management to enhance fertility and sustainability.

7. Entomology: Studies insects and their impact on crops and livestock, including pest management.

8. Plant Pathology: Focuses on plant diseases and their management to ensure healthy crops.

9. Aquaculture: Involves farming fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants for food and other products.

10. Forestry: The management and cultivation of forests for timber, wildlife, and conservation.

11. Agricultural Economics: Analyzes economic aspects of agriculture, including market trends and resource allocation.

These branches work together to enhance agricultural productivity, sustainability, and food security.

29/10/2024

Key Considerations for Soybean Farming Success
Soybean is a versatile legume rich in nutrients, applied widely for food, animal feed, and industrial applications. Soybean farming requires a set of attention starting right from the preparation of land to pest management to bring about high yields and quality crops. Here is a rundown of the key considerations that help achieve high yields and quality crops for soybean farming:

1. Soil Requirements
The optimum growth of soybean plants requires well-drained loose soils with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Soybeans do well in any well-draining structure of loamy soil with adequate organic matter to allow good root pe*******on and nutrient uptake. Proper soil testing before planting will ensure that levels of phosphorus and potassium, among other nutrients, are at optimum levels to sustain healthy plant growth.
2. Seed Variety Selection
The selection of the appropriate seed variety should take into account the climate, soil type, and disease resistance in the area where farming is to be conducted. For areas with a shorter growth period, early varieties may be used to achieve a crop, while for areas with a longer growing period, full-season varieties give better yields. Seeds should be high-quality, certified ones, bought with a good germination rate and resistance to pests and diseases within your locality.

3. Land Preparation
The land must be tilled before planting to obtain a fine seedbed. Development of proper drainage systems must also be achieved, particularly in the areas that are inclined to waterlogging. Soybean grows very well after the practice of crop rotation, which leads to a reduction of pests and diseases. A good land preparation method ensures good seed and soil contact and increases the germination rate accordingly.
4. Planting
Planting is normally done in rows, with distances varying from 45-75 cm between plants, depending on the cultivar and location. The planting depth is critical as most seeds are placed 2.5-3.5 cm deep. Planting is best done during the rainy season when soil moisture is very high. Early planting promotes early establishment of the root system, thereby helping to increase the possibility of obtaining higher yields.

5. Irrigation
However, soybeans require consistent soil moisture, particularly in the stages of flowering and pod filling. Soybeans may stand a short dry period, but a longer drought is going to be highly limiting in yield. Methods of irrigation can come through the efficient use of water-availability technologies such as drip and sprinkler systems to avoid water stress in sensitive growth stages.

6. Fertilization
Being legumes, soybeans have the ability to fix nitrogen from the air through symbiosis with rhizobia bacteria. However, this is not the only factor that will ensure optimum growth, and the application of other nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and zinc shall be necessary. Fertilizer applications based on soil tests, together with a balanced fertilization strategy, help in vigorous growth, especially at the stages of flowering to pod development.

7. Pest and Disease Management
Diseases-Soybeans are susceptible to some pests like soybean aphids, caterpillars, and nematodes; diseases include soybean rust and root rot. Management is by the use of resistant varieties, biological controls, crop rotation, application of pesticides on time, and other Integrated Pest Management strategies. In addition, regular field scouting needs to be considered to catch an infestation of a pest or disease early.

8. W**d Control
W**ds steal sunlight, soil nutrients, and water from the soybean plants to re**rd its yield. W**d management should start early in the season with the use of pre-emergence herbicides or by mechanical cultivation. Application of post-emergence herbicides during growing seasons controls w**d pressure. Mulching and crop rotation are equally effective in reducing w**d growth.

9. Harvesting
Soybeans mature for harvest when the pods start browning and the leaves start falling. Before actual harvest, seeds must be dried to about 13-15% moisture content. Mechanical harvesters can be used extensively for gathering produce over large fields, but on small-scale farms, harvesting is usually done manually. Proper timing of harvest is critical to minimize seed loss due to shattering when the seeds pop out of the pods prior to harvest.

In summary, this requires correct choice of variety, good land management, timely irrigation, and proper intervention against pests, diseases, and w**ds. With careful planning and the use of good agricultural practices, farmers could maximize yields and contribute to sustainable agricultural production.

27/10/2024

Radish (Raphanus sativus )
Raphanus sativus, or the radish, is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia, particularly around the Mediterranean region. Radishes spread through Europe and Asia, with various cultivars developed along the way. The French introduced larger varieties in the 16th century, while in Japan, daikon radishes became prominent. In the 19th century, radishes were brought to North America, where they quickly gained popularity. Today, radishes are cultivated worldwide, with numerous varieties adapted to different climates and culinary uses.

USES
1. Culinary Uses: Radishes are commonly eaten raw in salads, sandwiches, and as snacks. They can also be pickled, roasted, or sautéed, adding a peppery flavor to dishes.
2. Nutritional Benefits: Radishes are low in calories and rich in vitamins (especially vitamin C), minerals, and fiber, contributing to a healthy diet.
3. Medicinal Uses: Traditionally, radishes have been used in folk medicine for digestive health, detoxification, and respiratory benefits due to their anti-inflammatory properties.
4. Agricultural Uses: Radishes are often used as cover crops to improve soil structure, suppress w**ds, and prevent erosion. Their deep roots help break up compacted soil.
5. Industrial Uses: Radishes can be processed for their oil and are sometimes used in cosmetics and skincare products.
6. Cultural Significance: In various cultures, radishes are celebrated in festivals and culinary traditions, such as the Night of the Radishes in Oaxaca, Mexico.

ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Climate: Radishes prefer cool weather and grow best in temperatures between 50°F and 65°F (10°C to 18°C). They can tolerate light frost but may bolt in hot weather.
2. Soil: Well-drained, loose, and fertile soil is essential. Radishes thrive in sandy or loamy soils with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Heavy clay soils can hinder root development.
3. Sunlight: Radishes require full sun, ideally receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, though they can tolerate partial shade.
4. Watering: Consistent moisture is important, particularly during germination and early growth. Soils should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged.
AGRONOMIC PRACTICES
1. Site Selection: Choose a well-drained area with full sun exposure to promote healthy growth.
2. Soil Preparation: Test soil for pH and nutrients. Amend with organic matter to ensure good fertility and drainage. Aim for a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
3. Seed Selection: Select appropriate radish varieties based on desired growth time and climate. Common types include red globe, daikon, and French breakfast radishes.
4. Sowing: Directly sow seeds in the spring or fall, depending on the variety. Plant seeds about ½ inch deep and space them 1-2 inches apart.
5. Watering: Maintain consistent soil moisture, especially during germination. Avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
6. Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer based on soil tests. Radishes typically benefit from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
7. W**d Management: Implement mulching and regular w**ding to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
8. Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for pests like aphids and flea beetles. Use integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, including crop rotation and organic treatments.
9. Thinning: Once seedlings are established, thin them to ensure adequate spacing for optimal root development.
10. Harvesting: Harvest radishes when they reach the desired size, typically within 3-4 weeks of planting. Pull them gently to avoid damaging the roots.
11. Post-Harvest Practices: Handle harvested radishes carefully to prevent bruising. Store in a cool, humid environment to extend shelf life.

IMPORTANCE
1. Nutritional Value: Radishes are low in calories and rich in vitamins (especially vitamin C), minerals, and dietary fiber, making them a healthy addition to diets.
2. Culinary Versatility: Radishes are used in salads, pickles, and various dishes, adding crunch and a peppery flavor. They can be eaten raw or cooked.
3. Agricultural Benefits: Radishes are often used as cover crops to improve soil health, enhance nutrient cycling, and suppress w**ds due to their fast growth and deep roots.
4. Medicinal Uses: Traditionally, radishes have been used for their potential health benefits, including digestive aid and detoxification properties.
5. Cultural Significance: In various cultures, radishes are featured in traditional dishes and festivals, highlighting their culinary and cultural value.
6. Economic Impact: Radish farming contributes to local economies, providing income for farmers and supplying fresh produce markets.
7. Fast Growth Cycle: With a short growing season, radishes are ideal for quick turnover in crop rotation and intercropping systems.

26/10/2024

How is earthworm important in farming?

Soil Aeration: Their burrowing activity helps aerate the soil, allowing roots to grow deeper and improving water infiltration.

Nutrient Cycling: Earthworms break down organic matter, turning it into nutrient-rich castings that enhance soil fertility.

Soil Structure Improvement: They create channels that improve soil structure, reducing compaction and promoting drainage.

Microbial Activity: Earthworm castings promote beneficial microbial activity, further enhancing soil health and plant growth.

26/10/2024

15 things farmers should avoid when running a farming business:

1. Neglecting a business plan – Farming is a business and needs a solid plan for success.

2. Underestimating startup costs – Ensure you have sufficient capital for equipment, seeds, land, and labour

3.Overplanting without a market – Don’t grow more than you can sell or store.
4. Lack of irrigation planning – Proper water management is crucial for crop success.

5. Not tracking finances – Keep detailed records of income, expenses, and profitability.

6. Relying too much on one crop – Diversify crops to spread risks and ensure steady income.
7. No marketing efforts – Growing crops is only half the battle; marketing is crucial.

8. Mismanaging equipment – Maintain equipment regularly to avoid costly breakdowns.

9. Rushing into large-scale farming – Start small, manage risks and gradually scale up
10. Failing to secure contracts –Without agreements in place, you risk not having buyers for your produce.

11. Over-fertilizing – Excess fertilizer can damage crops

12. Underestimating record keeping – Tracking weather, harvests and crop performance improves future yields.
13. Not networking with other farmers –Farming communities & events offer support&opportunities

14. Mismanaging cash flow –Plan for periods of low income between planting&harvest

15. Ignoring buyer diversification –Relying on a single buyer can be risky aim for a diverse base.

16/09/2024

DAIRY COWS MANAGEMENT

Good dairy farming practice ensures that the milk is produced by health animals in a sustainable and responsible manner from animal welfare, social, economic and environmental perspectives.

Dairy cattle have one thing in common. The quality and quantity of milk is directly related to the way they are looked after and the way they are milked. Caring and gentle treatment directly affects a cow’s well being thus improving its general health and milk production.

Maximum milk yield can only be achieved by meeting the cows feed requirements and through good management.

Housing facilities should have clean dry stalls with non-slip floors, adequate ventilation and space for movement. There should be a separate space for feed and care should be taken to manage disposal of manure, ensuring it does not mix with feed and bedding. Constant access to fresh clean water with sufficient trough size to avoid competition between animals.

Accurate and reliable records should be maintained of identification, pedigree, milk production, feed consumption, milk production, reproduction, health, vaccination and costs. This is one of the most important dairy management tools.

Dairy cow management is in four stages: service, gestation, lactation and dry cow period.

i) Service
Mainly involves heat detection and mating.

Heat detection can be detected through animal behavior, physical signs, records, hormonal lab tests or teaser (vasectomized) bulls.

Over conditioned or under conditioned cows may fail to show heat signs leading to silent heat.

Mating should be done after heat detection through artificial insemination or natural mating. success will depend on body condition of the cow.

Advantages of artificial insemination are use of high quality semen, better genetics hence high reproductive performance and control of breeding diseases.

16/09/2024

Exclusive Guide on Pepper Farming

1. Introduction
Pepper farming can be a rewarding venture, offering both culinary and economic benefits. This guide covers essential steps to ensure a successful pepper crop.

2. Choosing the Right Variety
- Bell Peppers: Sweet, commonly used in salads.
- Chili Peppers: Spicy, used for heat in dishes.
- Consider climate and market demand when selecting varieties.

3. Soil Preparation
- pH Level: Ideal pH is between 6.0 and 7.0.
- Nutrients: Enrich soil with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure.
- Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.

4. Planting
- Start seeds indoors 8–10 weeks before the last frost date.
- Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures are consistently above 60°F (15°C).

5. Spacing & Depth
- Space plants about 18–24 inches apart in rows that are about 30–36 inches apart.
- Plant seedlings at the same depth they were growing in their pots.

6. Watering & Mulching
- Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; peppers need about an inch of water per week.
- Use mulch to retain moisture and suppress w**ds.

7. Fertilization
Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., NPK ratio of around 5–10–10) at planting time, then side-dress with additional nitrogen as plants grow.

8 . Pest & Disease Management
Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and pepper weevils; use insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
Prevent diseases like bacterial spot by practicing crop rotation and ensuring good air circulation around plants.

9 . Harvesting
Peppers can be harvested green or left on the plant to ripen fully for more color and sweetness/spiciness depending on variety .
Use sharp scissors or pruning shears to cut peppers from plant , leaving small portion stem attached .

With proper care , pepper farming can yield bountiful harvests . Follow these guidelines closely for best results !

16/09/2024

The Lifecycle of a Layer Farm: Strategies for Sustainable and Profitable Egg Production
Running a layer farm for egg production can be a lucrative venture when managed effectively.
Let's have a look at the lifecycle of a layer farm and key strategies to ensure sustainability and profitability:

1. Chick Procurement:
- Start with high-quality layer chicks from reputable hatcheries to ensure good laying performance.
- Select breeds known for high egg production and feed efficiency.

2. Brooding Stage:
- Maintain optimal temperature and humidity to ensure chick comfort and health.
- Provide a balanced starter feed to support healthy growth.

3. Growing Phase:
- Implement effective feeding practices to support growth and development.
- Regular health checks and vaccinations to prevent diseases.

4. Laying Period:
- Provide a balanced diet rich in calcium and other nutrients to support egg production.
- Ensure clean and comfortable nesting areas to reduce stress and improve egg quality.

5. Housing and Environment:
- Use well-ventilated and spacious housing to promote bird welfare and reduce stress.
- Implement sustainable practices such as solar-powered lighting and rainwater harvesting to cut costs and environmental impact.

6. Feeding Strategies:
- Formulate feed to meet the nutritional needs of layers at different stages.
- Incorporate locally sourced and organic feed ingredients to reduce costs and improve sustainability.

7. Health Management:
- Regularly monitor flock health and maintain biosecurity to prevent disease outbreaks.
- Use natural remedies and probiotics to reduce reliance on antibiotics.

8. Egg Collection and Handling:
- Collect eggs frequently to ensure freshness and prevent damage.
- Store eggs in a cool, clean environment to maintain quality.

9. Market Strategies:
- Develop relationships with local markets, grocery stores, and restaurants to ensure a steady demand for eggs.
- Explore value-ad

15/09/2024

BEETROOT FARMING

what is beetroot ??

Beetroot is a root vegetable known for its deep red color and earthy flavor. It’s packed with nutrients like vitamins A, C, and B6, as well as minerals such as iron and potassium. Beetroot can be eaten raw, roasted, pickled, or juiced, and is often used in salads, soups, and smoothies. It’s also known for its potential health benefits, including improved blood flow and lower blood pressure.

Here are some key points for successful beetroot cultivation:

Climate and Soil: Beetroots thrive in cool weather and well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0. They prefer temperatures between 50-75°F (10-24°C)

Planting: Sow seeds directly in the soil about 1 inch deep and 1-2 inches apart. Space rows about 12-18 inches apart. Beetroots can be sown in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest.

Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Beetroots need regular watering, especially during dry spells.

Harvesting: Harvest beetroots when they are 1.5-3 inches in diameter. They can be pulled up by hand or with a fork. Leaves can be harvested earlier if desired.

Pests and Diseases: Be aware of pests like aphids and diseases such as beetroot leaf spot. Regular inspection and appropriate treatments can help manage these issues

DABO FARMS Academy

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