Mkulima Veterinary Agency

Mkulima Veterinary Agency Promoting One Health Concept.

13/08/2026

Celebrating my 1st year on Facebook. Thank you for your continuing support. I could never have made it without you. 🙏🤗🎉

His name was Sudan. He was the last male northern white rhinoceros on Earth. 🦏💔For the final years of his life, Sudan ha...
17/03/2026

His name was Sudan. He was the last male northern white rhinoceros on Earth. 🦏💔

For the final years of his life, Sudan had a team of armed guards protecting him around the clock — 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Not because he was dangerous. But because poachers had already killed every other male of his kind for the horn on his face. A horn made of keratin — the same material as your fingernails — worth more than gold on the black market.

Sudan was born in the wild in 1973. He lived long enough to see his entire species collapse around him. He watched his world disappear.
In his final months, he was weak. Arthritic. His legs gave him pain every day. His keepers — who had cared for him for years — made the heartbreaking decision to end his suffering on March 19, 2018.

He died surrounded by the people who loved him.
Today, only two northern white rhinos remain on Earth. Both female. Both his descendants. Both living under armed guard at Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya.

Scientists are attempting IVF procedures using frozen genetic material to bring the species back from the edge of extinction. It may work. It may not.
But Sudan is gone. And an entire species — one that roamed this Earth for millions of years — was brought to the edge of oblivion in less than a single human lifetime.

Not by nature. By us.
Rest in peace, Sudan. You deserved so much better from us. 🦏🌿

WHY ELEPHANT URINE IS IMPORTANT.Elephant urine is vital for elephant social communication, navigation, and ecological he...
16/03/2026

WHY ELEPHANT URINE IS IMPORTANT.

Elephant urine is vital for elephant social communication, navigation, and ecological health. It carries chemical cues (pheromones) that reveal an individual's identity, reproductive state (musth), and emotional state to other elephants. It is used to mark trails, acting as a "public information resource" for tracking and navigation.

Key reasons why elephant urine is important include:

Communication and Reproduction:
Urine allows elephants to identify each other and communicate in mating. It reveals the reproductive status of females and is used to signal "musth" (a high-testosterone state) in males. A specialized protein in female urine can signal that she is close to ovulation.

Social Interaction:
Urine and f***s are frequently used during greetings and social interactions. They are part of a complex "scent network" that helps elephants understand the identity and emotional state of others.

Navigation and Territorial Marking: Elephants are highly intelligent and use urine to mark trails and pathways. This provides a navigation tool to others, which helps them travel efficiently.

Ecological Impact:
The immense volume of urine (up to 50 liters per day) helps release important information to the environment.

Ethnoveterinary Uses:
In some areas, such as Laos, elephant urine and dung are used in traditional medicine for treating skin diseases or as an ear treatment.

DID YOU KNOW THAT DONKEY MILK IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE MILK IN THE WORLD?Donkey milk is among the most expensive, often cos...
16/03/2026

DID YOU KNOW THAT DONKEY MILK IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE MILK IN THE WORLD?

Donkey milk is among the most expensive, often costing up to $100 per liter, due to very low production (200-600ml daily), labor-intensive manual milking, and high demand for luxury cosmetics. While donkey milk is rare, lab-sourced mouse milk is incredibly high-priced for research purposes, while specialty items like cheese from Balkan donkeys are exceptionally rare.

Why Some Milk is Expensive:

1.Low Supply & High Difficulty:
Donkeys produce tiny amounts of milk compared to cows (15-30 liters/day). They must be milked by hand, and production is tied to their foal's presence.

2.High Demand for Luxury/Skincare:
Donkey milk is prized in high-end cosmetics for its anti-aging, vitamin-rich (A, B, C, D, E), and moisturizing properties.

3.Nutritional & Health Benefits:
It is known for being hypoallergenic and closely resembling human breast milk, making it popular as a specialty health product.

4.Specialty Animal/Breed:
Similar to A2 milk or goat milk, the labor-intensive care of specific, low-production animals increases costs significantly.

5.Other highly expensive milks include specialized products like rodent milk, which is costly due to the extreme difficulty of extraction.

Elephant calves eat the dung of their mothers or other herd members to acquire essential gut bacteria and microorganisms...
15/03/2026

Elephant calves eat the dung of their mothers or other herd members to acquire essential gut bacteria and microorganisms necessary for breaking down fibrous plant material. This behavior, known as COPROPHAGY, is a crucial survival mechanism during the transition from a milk-only diet to eating solid plants.

KEY REASONS FOR THIS BEHAVIOUR:

Establishing Gut Microflora:
Baby elephants are not born with the specialized bacteria required to digest tough vegetation. By eating dung, they seed their digestive systems with these essential microbes.

Nutritional Boost:
Fresh dung contains undigested nutrients, fiber, and vitamins that provide a nutritional boost to the growing calf.

Transitioning to Solid Food:
This behavior usually begins around 2–4 months of age when the calf starts eating plants but still relies on milk.

Boosting Immune System:
Consuming the bacteria-rich dung also helps build up the calf's immune system.

Why They Are Not Born With It:
Elephants are hindgut fermenters, meaning they digest food in their large intestine/caecum using microorganisms. Without consuming these bacteria from older, experienced elephants, they cannot properly digest grass and leaves.

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