Dr Abdisalan Osman

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Zoonotic diseases: from animals to humanAs veterinarians, we stand at the frontile of one health where animal, human, a...
19/03/2026

Zoonotic diseases: from animals to human

As veterinarians, we stand at the frontile of one health where animal, human, and environmental health intersect.

This infographic highlights some of the most important zoonotic diseases we encounter in pratice, including:

1. Rabies
2. Brucellosis
3. Leptospirosis
4. Salmonellosis
5. Lyme disease
6. Campylobacteriosis
7. Toxoplasmosis
8. Tuberculosis (zoonotic TP)
9. Hantavirus

Understanding their causative agents, reservoirs, and transmission pathway is critical not only for animal health but also protecting public health

Key reminder: prevention always better than cure
✔️ Vaccination (especially rabies control
✔️proper hygiene & handwashing
✔️safe food handling & pasteurization
✔️Use of PPE in high risk settings
✔️ Vector and rodent control

📚 based on trusted references including:
CDC | WHO (OIE) | Merck Veterinary manual

Dr Abdisalan Osman

FARM SOMALI 🌱📏 Fahamka Cabbirka Dhulka: Hectare (Hegtar) iyo Acre (Eker)Marka laga hadlayo beeraha ama iibka dhulka, wax...
14/03/2026

FARM SOMALI 🌱

📏 Fahamka Cabbirka Dhulka: Hectare (Hegtar) iyo Acre (Eker)

Marka laga hadlayo beeraha ama iibka dhulka, waxaa aad muhiim u ah in la fahmo halbeegyada lagu cabbiro baaxadda dhulka. Labada halbeeg ee ugu caansan dunida waa:
• Hectare (Hegtar)
• Acre (Eker)

Fahamka farqiga u dhexeeya labadan cabbir wuxuu ka caawinayaa beeralayda iyo ganacsatada dhulka inay si sax ah u qorsheeyaan beeraha iyo qiimaha dhulka.

1️⃣ Hectare (Hegtar) 📏

Hegtar waa halbeeg ka mid ah nidaamka Metric System, waxaana isticmaala waddamo badan oo dunida ah, gaar ahaan Afrika iyo Yurub.

Cabbirka Hegtar

1 Hectare = 10,000 mitir laba jibbaaran (m²)

Sida loo sawiran karo

Haddii aad qiyaasto dhul laba-jibbaaran oo:
• 100 mitir dherer ah
• 100 mitir ballac ah

markaas dhulkaas oo dhan wuxuu noqdaa 1 Hegtar.

Hegtar ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa:
• beeraha waaweyn
• qorshaynta dhulka miyiga
• mashruucyada horumarinta beeraha

2️⃣ Acre (Eker) 🌾

Eker waa halbeeg kale oo lagu cabbiro dhulka, waxaana inta badan isticmaala waddamada sida:
• Maraykanka
• Ingiriiska

Inkasta oo nidaamka metric-ga uu ka badan yahay, haddana ekerka wali waxaa isticmaala beeralay badan oo dunida ah, sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah dhulka Soomaalida.

Cabbirka Eker

1 Acre ≈ 4,046 mitir laba jibbaaran (m²)

Sida loo sawiran karo

Haddii aad qiyaasto dhul laba jibbaaran oo:
• qiyaastii 63.6 mitir dhinac kasta

dhulkaas wuxuu u dhow yahay 1 eker.

3️⃣ Isbarbardhigga Hegtar iyo Eker ⚖️

Qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee la xasuusto waa:
• 1 Hegtar = qiyaastii 2.47 Eker

Taas macnaheedu waa:

👉 hal hegtar wuxuu la egyahay laba eker iyo ku dhowaad nus eker.

Sidaa darteed:
• Hegtar aad ayuu uga weyn yahay ekerka.

4️⃣ Meelaha Lagu Adeegsado 🚜

Labadan halbeeg waxaa lagu isticmaalaa meelo badan oo muhiim ah.

Beeraha

Beeralaydu waxay ku ogaadaan:
• inta abuur ah ee lagu ridayo dhulka
• inta wax-soo-saar ah ee laga filayo

Qiimeynta Dhulka

Marka dhul la iibinayo ama la kiraynayo, waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado:
• dhulku inuu yahay hegtar ama eker

si aan qiimaha loogu khaldin.

Qorshaynta Beeraha

Halbeegyadan waxaa sidoo kale lagu isticmaalaa:
• qorshaha waraabka
• qorshaha dalagga
• xisaabinta bacriminta

🌱 Maxay Muhiim u Tahay In La Barto?

Fahamka cabbirka dhulka wuxuu beeralayda ka caawiyaa:

1️⃣ Xisaabinta Abuurka

Dalag kasta wuxuu leeyahay qiyaas abuur oo ku habboon hal hegtar ama hal eker.

Haddii cabbirka dhulka la fahmo:
• abuurka lama khasaarinayo
• dalagga si fiican ayuu u baxayaa

2️⃣ Fahamka Qiimaha Dhulka

Maadaama:
• 1 hegtar ka weyn yahay 1 eker

dhulka hegtarka ah waa inuu ka qaalisan yahay mid eker ah.

🌿 Gunaanad

Hegtar iyo eker waa laba cabbir oo muhiim u ah:
• beeraha
• iibka dhulka
• qorshaynta mashruucyada

Marka aad fahamto farqiga u dhexeeya labadan halbeeg, waxaad awood u yeelanaysaa inaad si sax ah u maamusho dhulkaaga iyo beerahaaga.

Haddii aad leedahay poultry farm, waxaa muhiim ah in aad diiradda saarto maamul wanaaga si wax-soosaarku u kordho. Digaa...
10/03/2026

Haddii aad leedahay poultry farm, waxaa muhiim ah in aad diiradda saarto maamul wanaaga si wax-soosaarku u kordho. Digaagga waa in lagu hayaa guri nadiif ah oo hawo leh, lana siiyo cunto tayo leh iyo biyo nadiif ah si joogto ah. Sidoo kale waa muhiim in la sameeyo tallaal (vaccination) si looga hortago cudurrada sida Newcastle disease iyo Gumboro disease. Nadaafadda farmka, ilaalinta biosecurity-ga, iyo kormeer joogto ah oo caafimaadka digaagga ah ayaa ka caawinaya beeraleyda in ay helaan ukumo ama hilib badan oo tayo leh.

Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) - Clinical NoteLocally known as Galghotu1. Etiology• Causative Agent: Pasteurella multocida ...
27/02/2026

Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) - Clinical Note

Locally known as Galghotu

1. Etiology
• Causative Agent: Pasteurella multocida (Gram-negative coccobacillus).
• Serotypes:
- Asian Serotype: B:2 (Most common in India/Asia).
- African Serotype: E:2.

2. Epidemiology
• Susceptibility: Buffaloes are more susceptible than cattle.
• Age: Young animals (6 months to 2 years).
• Season: Occurs mainly in the Monsoon season.
• Transmission: Inhalation of aerosols or contaminated feed/water. Stress factors like transport trigger it.

3. Clinical Signs
• Peracute Form: Sudden death with no prior signs.
• Acute Form (Edematous Form):
- High Fever (106°F - 107°F).
- Severe Edema: Hot, painful swelling of the throat, dewlap, and brisket.
- Respiratory Distress: Labored breathing, loud snoring sound ("Gurgling").
- Salivation: Profuse salivation.
- Death: Usually within 6-24 hours.

4. Lesions (Post-Mortem)
• Gross: Widespread Petechiae on heart and lungs.
• Edema: Gelatinous, straw-colored fluid in the throat region.
• Lymph Nodes: Swollen and hemorrhagic.

5. Diagnosis
• Microscopy: Bipolar staining (safety pin appearance) with Methylene Blue or Giemsa.
• Culture: Growth on blood agar (non-hemolytic). Does NOT grow on MacConkey agar.

6. Treatment
• Antibiotics: Effective ONLY in very early stages (Sulfadimidine, Oxytetracycline, Ceftiofur).
• Supportive: NSAIDs (Flunixin), fluids.

7. Prevention
• Vaccination: Pre-monsoon (May-June).
- Alum Precipitated: Immunity 3-4 months.
- Oil Adjuvant: Immunity 1 year (Preferred).

Dr Abdisalan Osman

Poultry farming
25/02/2026

Poultry farming

Pleural Effusion🔹 DefinitionFluid accumulation in the pleural space (outside lung).🔹 Causes•Transudate:•Congestive heart...
24/02/2026

Pleural Effusion
🔹 Definition
Fluid accumulation in the pleural space (outside lung).
🔹 Causes
•Transudate:
•Congestive heart failure
•Hypoalbuminemia
•Liver disease
•Exudate:
•Infection (pyothorax)
•Neoplasia
•FIP (cats)
•Trauma (hemothorax)
•Chylothorax
🔹 Clinical Signs
•Dyspnea (often restrictive)
•Rapid shallow breathing
•Open-mouth breathing (cats)
•Muffled heart & lung sounds
•No cough (usually)
Lung sounds: decreased / absent ventrally
🔹 X-ray Findings
•Fluid opacity in pleural space
•Lung lobe retraction from thoracic wall
•Rounded or scalloped lung margins
•Dorsal displacement of lungs (on DV/VD)

🐔POULTRY VACCINATION SCHEDULE👉A MUST-KNOW GUIDE FOR EVERY POULTRY FARMERvaccination is the foundatiom of profitable poul...
24/02/2026

🐔POULTRY VACCINATION SCHEDULE

👉A MUST-KNOW GUIDE FOR EVERY POULTRY FARMER

vaccination is the foundatiom of profitable poultry farming many poultry losses come from preventable diseases caused by skipped, late, or poorly administered vaccines. Below is a complete and practical vaccination guide for broilers, layers, and breeders

🐣DAY-OLD CHICKS(HATCHERY/ ON ARRIVAL)

🔹️Marek's Disease Vaccine
💉Route: Subcutaneous (neck)
📌Prevents paralysis, tumors, leg weakness, and sudden death

Newscastle disease (ND -HITCHER B1)
👁Route: Eye drop / Drinking water
📌 Protects against severe respiratory and nervous disease with high morality

📅 7 DAYS OF AGE

🔹️infectious Burzal Disease (IBD/ Gumbro - first Dose)
🚰 Route: Drinking Water
📌Protects the immune System and prevents Vaccine failure later in life

📅 14 DAYS OF AGE

🔹️Newscastle Disease ( ND- LaSota Booste)
🚰👁 Route: Drinking Water / Eye drop
📌 Strengthens immunity against Outbreaks

📅 18-21 DAYS OF AGE

🔹️IBD(Gumbro- second Dose)
🚰Route: Drinking Water
📌 Ensures full protection of the bursa Long-term immunity

🐓BROILERS ( SHORT LIFE CYCLE -5-6WEEKS

✔️Uysally no further Vaccination if marketed early
⚠️in high risk areas
🔹️Fowl pox vaccine ( 14-21 days)
✋️Route: Wing stab
📌Prevents skin leasions, poor growth, and mortality

🥚LAYERS &BREEDERS ( LONG LIFE CYCLE)

📅4-6 WEEKS

🔹️Fowl Pox Vaccine
✋️Route: Wing stab
📌Prevents comb, wattles, and skin lessions that reduce productivity

📅 6- 8 WEEKS

🔹️Newcastle Disease Booster
🚰Route: Drinkimg Water / Spray
📌Maintains strong flock immunity

📅8- 10 WEEKS

🔹️ infectious Bronchitis (IB)
🛸Route: Spray / Drinking Water
📌 Prevents respiratory Problems, poor egg size, and shell, defects

📅 12- 14 WEEKS

🔹️ND +IB(killed /inactivated Vaccine
💉Route: injection
📌Builds long-lasting immunity before onset of laying

📅16-18 WEEKS ( BEFORE LAY)

🔹️egg Drop Sydrome (EDS)
💉Route: injection
📌 Prevents sudden drop in egg production and poor shell quality

♻️DURING EGG PRODUCTION

🔁Newcastle Disease Booster
📅every 2-3 months ( depending on disease pressure)

⚠️GOLDEN RULES FOR SUCCESSFUL VACCINATION

✔️Vaccinate only health birds
✔️use clean, chlorine free water
✔️Maintain cold chain (2-8°C)
✔️Avoid vaccinating during stress, heat, or transportation
✔️Always follow veterinary advice

Dr Abdisalan osman

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Garowe

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