Yusra Veterinary Care Centre

Yusra Veterinary Care Centre Animal Health care services, Veterinary medicine, Vaccines, Supplements and Feed

Happy Eid ul Azha
27/05/2026

Happy Eid ul Azha

Cutaneous myiasis (fly strike / maggot wound) in sheep is an infestation of skin and wounds by fly larvae (maggots), com...
15/05/2026

Cutaneous myiasis (fly strike / maggot wound) in sheep is an infestation of skin and wounds by fly larvae (maggots), commonly caused by blowflies. It is common in warm, humid conditions and around dirty wool, wounds, urine-soiled areas, or foot lesions.

Common Predisposing Causes

* Open wounds from shearing, fighting, castration, docking
* Diarrhoea causing f***l soiling
* Urine staining around tail
* Foot rot wounds
* Neglected abscesses
* Wet fleece and poor hygiene

Clinical Signs

* Restlessness, biting or rubbing body
* Foul-smelling wound
* Wool discoloration and moist skin
* Visible maggots in skin
* Depression, anorexia
* Fever in severe cases
* Toxemia and weakness if advanced

Common Sites

* Breech/tail region
* Neck and shoulders
* Feet
* Wounds anywhere on body

Treatment Protocol

1. Clip and Clean

* Clip wool widely around affected area
* Remove all maggots manually using forceps
* Flush wound with:
* Dilute povidone iodine
* Normal saline
* Chlorhexidine solution

2. Apply Larvicidal/Topical Medication

Commonly used:

* Turpentine oil (carefully, avoid excess)
* Negasunt powder
* Topicure spray
* Himax ointment
* Cypermethrin spray (diluted as directed)

3. Systemic Antibiotics

If deep wound, fever, cellulitis or toxemia present:

* Oxytetracycline long acting: 20 mg/kg IM, repeat after 72 hrs
OR
* Ceftriaxone 20–25 mg/kg IM/IV

4. Anti-inflammatory

* Meloxicam 0.5 mg/kg IM/SC for pain and inflammation

5. Supportive Care

* Fluid therapy if dehydrated
* Vitamin B-complex
* Good nutrition and clean dry housing

Prevention

* Regular shearing and crutching
* Control diarrhoea and foot rot
* Proper wound management
* Fly control with insecticide dips/sprays
* Maintain dry bedding and hygiene

Prognosis

* Good if treated early
* Poor in neglected cases with toxemia or extensive tissue destruction

Field Tip

After maggot removal, daily wound dressing for 3–5 days is very important because remaining larvae can reappear from deeper tissue.

06/05/2026

Goka cattle Feed
Feed your cattle and feel the difference

Dairy farm management
04/05/2026

Dairy farm management

The difference between endometritis and metritis mainly lies in the extent (depth) of inflammation in the uterus. Endom...
02/05/2026

The difference between endometritis and metritis mainly lies in the extent (depth) of inflammation in the uterus.

Endometritis

* Definition: Inflammation limited to the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus).
* Extent: Superficial (only mucosal layer).
* Causes: Often due to infection after childbirth, abortion, or instrumentation.
* Symptoms:
* Abnormal uterine bleeding
* Vaginal discharge
* Mild lower abdominal pain
* Severity: Generally less severe than metritis.

Metritis

* Definition: Inflammation of the entire uterine wall (endometrium + myometrium ± serosa).
* Extent: Deep and widespread.
* Causes: Usually severe infection, often postpartum or post-abortion.
* Symptoms:
* High fever
* Severe pelvic pain
* Foul-smelling discharge
* Systemic signs (toxemia)
* Severity: More severe, may lead to complications like sepsis.

A Urea Molasses Block (UMB) is a solid feed supplement used mainly for cattle, sheep, and goats to improve digestion of ...
30/04/2026

A Urea Molasses Block (UMB) is a solid feed supplement used mainly for cattle, sheep, and goats to improve digestion of low-quality roughages (like straw) and boost milk production.

Standard Urea Molasses Block Formula (100 kg batch)

* Molasses: 40 kg
* Wheat bran / rice bran: 25 kg
* Urea: 10 kg
* Cement (binder): 10 kg
* Mineral mixture: 2 kg
* Common salt: 1 kg
* Water: 10–12 liters (as needed)

Preparation Method

1. Take a clean mixing floor or drum.
2. Add molasses first.
3. Dissolve urea completely in molasses (very important ).
4. Add bran slowly and mix well.
5. Add salt + mineral mixture.
6. Finally add cement and mix thoroughly.
7. Add small amount of water to get a thick paste.
8. Pour into molds (wooden/plastic buckets).
9. Let it dry for 24–48 hours.
10. Remove blocks and air-dry for 3–5 days before use.

Feeding Method

* Offer as licking block (not free feeding)
* Cattle: 0.5–1 kg/day (licking basis)
* Sheep/goat: 100–200 g/day
* Always provide clean drinking water

Important Precautions

* Never feed loose mixture → always block form
* Do NOT give to:
* Young calves (

Hypocalcemia (Milk Fever) in Cattle is a metabolic disorder caused by a sudden drop in blood calcium levels, most common...
29/04/2026

Hypocalcemia (Milk Fever) in Cattle is a metabolic disorder caused by a sudden drop in blood calcium levels, most commonly seen around calving.

Why it happens

At calving, a cow suddenly starts producing colostrum/milk, which requires large amounts of calcium. If the body cannot mobilize calcium quickly enough from bones or absorb it from the gut → blood calcium falls → neuromuscular dysfunction.

⸻

Risk factors

* High-producing dairy cows
* Older cows (3rd lactation and above)
* Jersey > Holstein susceptibility
* High calcium diet pre-calving
* Lack of proper dry cow mineral balance

⸻

Clinical Signs

Stage 1 (Early)

* Restlessness, hypersensitivity
* Muscle tremors
* Ear twitching
* Reduced appetite

Stage 2 (Typical milk fever)

* Sternal recumbency (sitting position)
* Cold ears, dry muzzle
* Weak pulse, low body temperature
* Reduced rumen motility

Stage 3 (Severe)

* Lateral recumbency (lying flat)
* Bloat
* Coma → death if untreated

⸻

Treatment

1. Calcium therapy (main treatment)

* Calcium borogluconate (23%)
* Dose: 400–500 ml IV slowly
* Give over 10–15 minutes
* Monitor heart (arrhythmia risk)

If no full recovery:

* Repeat after 6–8 hours
* Add SC calcium at multiple sites

⸻

2. Supportive therapy

* Oral calcium gel after recovery
* Keep animal in sternal position
* Prevent bloat (trocar if needed)
* Provide warmth

⸻

Important precautions

* Never give IV calcium rapidly → can cause cardiac arrest
* Stop infusion if arrhythmia occurs
* Always auscultate heart during IV

⸻

Prevention (Very Important)

Dry period management:

* Low calcium diet before calving
* Use Anionic salts (DCAD diet)
* Maintain proper Ca:P ratio (2:1)

Around calving:

* Oral calcium bolus at calving and 12 hrs later
* Vitamin D (in selected cases)

⸻

💡 Field Tip (Practical)

If a cow is:

* Down after calving
* Cold ears
* Not eating

Always suspect hypocalcemia first, even if temperature is normal.

Deworming schedule in cattle sheep and Goat
28/04/2026

Deworming schedule in cattle sheep and Goat

Body Condition Score (BCS) in cattle is a practical way to assess fat reserves and overall nutritional status. It helps ...
26/04/2026

Body Condition Score (BCS) in cattle is a practical way to assess fat reserves and overall nutritional status. It helps guide feeding, reproduction management, and disease prevention.

⸻

BCS Scale (1–5 system, most commonly used in dairy cattle)

1 – Emaciated

* Prominent ribs, spine, hooks & pins very sharp
* Deep cavities around tail head
* No fat cover
* Weak, high disease risk

2 – Thin

* Ribs visible but less sharp
* Some tissue over bones
* Tail head slightly hollow
* Needs improved nutrition

3 – Ideal / Moderate

* Ribs not clearly visible
* Smooth body appearance
* Hooks and pins rounded
* Good fertility and milk production

4 – Fat

* Ribs not visible
* Fat deposits around tail head
* Brisket fat begins to appear
* Risk of metabolic disorders increases

5 – Obese

* Heavy fat deposits everywhere
* Mobility may be affected
* High risk of ketosis, dystocia, fatty liver

⸻

Key Areas to Check

* Loin (backbone)
* Ribs
* Hooks & pins
* Tail head
* Brisket

⸻

Target BCS (important for management)

Stage Ideal BCS
At calving 3.0 – 3.5
Early lactation 2.5 – 3.0
Mid lactation ~3.0
Dry period 3.25 – 3.75

⸻

Clinical Importance

* Low BCS → poor immunity, infertility, low milk yield
* High BCS → ketosis, milk fever, difficult calving
* Sudden BCS loss → red flag (disease, parasites, feed issue)

⸻

Field Tip (very useful)

If ribs are clearly visible → BCS ≤ 2.5
If ribs not visible but felt → ~BCS 3
If fat pads visible → BCS ≥ 4

24/07/2025

Post-estrus bleeding, also known as metestrus bleeding, is a common physiological phenomenon in cattle that occurs 24 to 48 hours after estrus (heat). Here’s a detailed overview based on the search results:

# # # **1. Causes and Mechanism**
- The bleeding results from the rupture of small blood vessels in the endometrium (uterine lining) due to the rapid decline in estrogen levels following ovulation .
- It is a normal part of the estrous cycle and is not indicative of conception failure .

# # # **2. Appearance and Timing**
- The discharge may appear as:
- Small amounts of blood mixed with mucus.
- A patch of blood on the tail or hindquarters .
- Typically occurs **1–3 days after estrus**, during the metestrus phase (which lasts 3–5 days) .

# # # **3. Significance for Breeding**
- **Not a sign of pregnancy failure**: Bleeding occurs in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows .
- **Indicates ovulation has occurred**: If observed in a cow not previously detected in heat, it suggests estrus was missed .
- **Breeding implications**: If seen after insemination, it does not mean conception failed, but if no breeding was done, the cow should be monitored for the next heat (~18–24 days later) .

# # # **4. Management Considerations**
- **Record-keeping**: Helps predict the next estrus cycle .
- **Misconceptions**: Some farmers mistakenly associate bleeding with failed conception, but it is a normal post-ovulation event .
- **Health monitoring**: Excessive or abnormal bleeding (e.g., large clots, prolonged discharge) may warrant veterinary attention to rule out infections or uterine disorders .

# # # **5. Comparison with Other Species**
- Similar bleeding occurs in dogs (metestrus) and rats, but in cattle, it is more consistently observed and linked to hormonal shifts rather than pathology .

Address

Daharmunah Budgam
Budgam
191111

Telephone

+916006747569

Website

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