Lead By Example Canine Behaviour and Training

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Lead By Example Canine Behaviour and Training Fully qualified behaviourist and trainer, providing relationship centred, welfare focused, reward based learning for canines and their companions.

Based in Newport, I cover South East Wales, and parts of the West of England.

07/03/2023

We all have tasks that we enjoy less than others. At home, I really dislike emptying the bins, changing the duvet covers and fuelling the cars. Anything else, I’ll do.

When it comes to training, loose lead walking is the task that makes me feel like I’d rather be doing something else. It’s just not my favourite thing, and I know I’m not the only one. It takes time, it takes patience, and sometimes both of these things are in short supply for all of us.

I get it. I know how frustrating it can be compared to other training. Still, do these things we must.

There are so many benefits to our dogs walking calmly and gently on a harness and loose lead; both physically and mentally. So much so, that I include it as a task in almost all of my behaviour plans, regardless of the individual problem that we’re tackling.

Why? Because there’s really no point in tackling one behaviour problem whilst allowing other stressors to continue. It’s hard to relax on a mat in the pub if you’ve had a really stressful time getting there. It’s hard to greet another dog politely if you’re already fuelled with adrenaline and cortisol. It’s hard to stay home on your own for a few hours when you’ve hurried around the block before your guardian leaves you.

Pulling on lead is stressful and exhausting. If our dogs are not calm, then we can’t then expect them to behave in the way we might wish in other scenarios.

It’s a bigger picture, a holistic picture, and it’s important to address different elements of a dog's everyday life when tackling some behaviour problems.

Many guardians give up on their dog’s loose lead walking skills very quickly, and I completely understand why, but I promise that if we stick with it, our time and patience will pay off, and both ourselves and our dogs can enjoy more peaceful and connected walks without frustration and stress.

This is Archie, and after just 3 weeks, he’s made wonderful progress with his loose lead walking. This is important for Archie, because he’s also learning how to be less reactive around other dogs. It’s essential that he’s both calm, and free from any discomfort if this is to happen.

Our dogs are rarely well mannered whilst feeling pain in their body, shortness of breath, frustration and exhaustion, and do not feel safe in their connection to their guardian; not just the lead connection, but the relationship connection too. We need to be their safe space, and we can facilitate that in many ways with a loose lead.

Archie and his mum are doing such a super job. They’ve worked incredibly hard in a short space of time. Archie’s walking so beautifully here; ambling along with no tension on his body and his mum’s arm is relaxed at her side rather than outstretched. This is a vast improvement on the frantic pulling and breathlessness that Archie was displaying just 3 weeks ago.

Loose lead walking and a better connection to mum means that Archie is starting to make more considered decisions about how to respond when he sees another dog. His body is relaxed and his mind is relaxed. He can think, and he can respond appropriately.

None of us can think properly when we’re frustrated or stressed. We make bad decisions or take our stress out on others. The same is true of our dogs. A calm mind means calm behaviour.

Great work both!

Beautiful Inky is a Romanian rescue.Like many overseas rescues, this lovely girl is having a bit of a tricky time settli...
18/01/2021

Beautiful Inky is a Romanian rescue.

Like many overseas rescues, this lovely girl is having a bit of a tricky time settling in with everyday life in her new home. Everything is so new; and this can be wonderful, but also worrisome.

We might expect fear of dogs, people, cars, and noise… but what about fear of narrow passing points, reflections from windows, novel surfaces underfoot, and play time? For some dogs, almost anything can be a challenge.

Bringing a new family member home is incredibly exciting. Most of us have a long list plans for this wonderful new journey together. Perhaps to:
⭐️ invite friends and family around as soon as possible;
⭐️ give our dog as many toys as possible;
⭐️ take a trip to the park, or the beach, or the pub;
⭐️ go to the groomers;
⭐️ book a holiday to start making some wonderful memories…
but… all of these things are incredibly daunting to any dog in a new home; whether it's a puppy, a local rescue, or an overseas rescue.

It's so important to expand our dogs' world at a pace that they decide. There’s really no rush. If we’re lucky, we have many wonderful years ahead of us with our new companion.

The only thing our dogs need from us when they first arrive home is to feel safe. Feeling safe is the foundation for absolutely everything else.

I wish I could say that I've helped Inky more than I have, but the truth is that her mum and dad are doing all the fabulous work, and I've simply been in the background to support them on just the very fewest of occasions.

They're doing wonderful things to help Inky settle into her new home, without any rush whatsoever.

They have an incredible understanding of her needs, and such skill and dedication in helping her adapt to her new life here in the UK. I really wasn’t needed at all.

If you want to follow their journey, you can find them on Instagram at inky_the_rescue_doggo

Their posts are a source of inspiration, and hope, to others on a similarly difficult journey ❤

When we talk about dog to dog reactivity, we tend to think of the dogs afraid of others, or those who are a little bit b...
05/01/2021

When we talk about dog to dog reactivity, we tend to think of the dogs afraid of others, or those who are a little bit bullish. Dogs who bark, and lunge, and are ‘aggressive’, or those who run away, or hide.

But what about those who ‘react’ in a different way? Those who are friendly and want to chase, and play, and simply cannot help but say ‘hello’ to every dog they see?

The behaviour in the second scenario may seem fairly innocuous, but friendly dogs can cause just as much social chaos as those who are 'aggressive'.

Bella is a sweet natured and gentle young dog, but the temptation to play with every dog she sees is often overwhelming for her; and she resorts to barking and bouncing, and pulling on lead to get closer.

When dogs are in a high state of emotion, they struggle to regulate their own behaviour. The emotional part of the brain inhibits the thinking part of the brain, and it’s difficult for them to recall their training, listen to us in the moment, or practise their self control.

To help Bella make more considered decisions about how to respond to the environment around her, we’ve been working on plenty of brain games, her social skills, and her ‘connection’ to dad.

Walking with our dogs should be a shared and enjoyable experience; whether it's on, or off, the lead.

Our dogs absolutely need the freedom to explore the environment around them, but we also need them to remain 'with us'.

Voluntary ‘check ins’ help our dogs to stay ‘connected’ to us. Are you still there? Where are we heading next? Can we say ‘hello’ to the dog up ahead? Am I going back on lead for that?

And teaching our dogs to 'feel good' about walking alongside us on a relaxed loose lead tells them that it’s a great place to be when needed there.

It is of course ok to say 'hello' to other dogs, but only if we have the consent of the other dog and guardian, and only if we can call our dogs away again.

Investing the time to build a strong connection with our dogs makes this much easier for us. Not only does it help us to enjoy a deeper and more understanding relationship with our dogs, but if we're fun and interesting to be with, our dogs will choose to hang out with us, instead of looking for the fun elsewhere.

If we build it, they will come 🙂

One of the questions that I’m regularly asked (and rightly so) is ‘how will you teach my dog?’.I’m passionate about cani...
16/12/2020

One of the questions that I’m regularly asked (and rightly so) is ‘how will you teach my dog?’.

I’m passionate about canine welfare and happiness (indeed all animal welfare and happiness) and I only ever use kind, fun, fear free, and reward based methods.

What I don’t use is obedience. I teach connection, confidence, and cooperation; always allowing for choice, compromise, and self determination. I teach relationships, and I teach life skills.

Dogs learn best in relationships filled with love, trust, and respect. They are their own whole beings with thoughts, feelings, preferences, and of course remarkable intelligence. We do not need to nag them into compliance.

What do I mean by life skills?

Life skills are essential skills that allow our dogs to navigate the complicated human world that we ask them to share with us. They include resilience, self awareness, self control, problem solving, decision making, and self directed learning.

Many of the ‘traditional’ behaviours that dogs are taught serve no purpose other than the fact that we ask for them. Do they help our dogs to manage their anxieties? Do they facilitate better social interactions with dogs and humans? Do they keep our dogs safe? Do they give us a deeper and more understanding relationship with our dogs? Teaching a dog to ‘sit’ helps with none of these things.

Motivational and reward based learning is fun for our dogs. It’s a great relationship builder, keeps our dogs feeling purposeful, and strengthens their cognitive abilities. But before we decide what to teach our dogs, we should ask ourselves: how does this benefit my dog? what purpose does it serve?; does it enrich my dog’s life?; does it make my dog happy?

Our dogs are amazing. They have the same brain structure and neurochemical pathways as a human. They have the same learning capacity and range of emotions and a small child. They are capable of so much more than a ‘sit’ or a ‘paw’.

Help your dog to engage in the world around them in a meaningful and fear free way. Life kills, not life limitations ❤️

Forrest.This dapper little pup suffers with both isolation anxiety and separation anxiety. He was doing so well with his...
16/12/2020

Forrest.

This dapper little pup suffers with both isolation anxiety and separation anxiety. He was doing so well with his training, and had just about gotten used to small periods of time home alone... but then suddenly experienced a setback.

Our dogs can experience setbacks for all kinds of reasons:
⭐️ age, and neurological and hormonal changes to the
brain and body;
⭐️ changes in their own routines or ours;
⭐️ changes to the emotional well-being of those they
live with;
⭐️ changes to personal preference;
⭐️ changes to the environment around them (new
layout at home, new family member etc.);
⭐️ their training is moving too quickly for them and
they feel unsafe or are unable to understand.

For Forrest, he is entering his teenage months, and his mum has just returned to work after spending longer periods of time at home.

His parents have done a wonderful job with his training; always taking things at Forrest’s pace; and they needed to do nothing more than take it back a few steps, to a level that Forrest is able to cope with during this difficult period of change.

Setbacks can happen at any time, and for any reason. For anyone who knows Megan’s backstory, she came to us with an incredibly long list of fears and phobias… most of them sound based, usually electrical or mechanical... but one thing that I was always able to do, was use my electric toothbrush. Fast forward three years, and I treat myself to a new electric toothbrush. ‘Great’ I thought; but what I hadn’t accounted for… it didn’t even cross my mind… was that using it would upset Megan all over again - because it was a new sound. What sounded more or less the same to me, definitely didn’t to her, so I needed to spend a couple of weeks helping her become accustomed to this new sound.

It serves as a reminder that behaviour modification and/or basic training requires a regular commitment, for the lifetime of our dogs. Wanted behaviours may be forgotten, motivation may be lost, personal preferences may change, age related changes to the body and brain may cause new challenges, and unwanted behaviours may resurface.

Just because we’ve rehabilitated or trained a skill once, it doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t continue to build on what our dogs already know.

How can we help them find better ways to engage with the things they worry about? How can we put new life into their basic training to keep it fun and exciting?

Many of us as adults continue to further our professional development, or retrain for new careers, or simply learn new skills to have fun, make friends, and avoid boredom.

Our dogs love learning just as much as we do.

If you’re setting yourself some learning goals for 2021, be sure to set some for you dog too ❤

Beautiful Bow is an early teenager. He attended classes as a pup, but has recently forgotten some of his training and de...
26/10/2020

Beautiful Bow is an early teenager. He attended classes as a pup, but has recently forgotten some of his training and developed some anxiety related behaviours.

This isn’t uncommon for our teenage dogs. I often hear something along the lines of:
‘my dog has stopped listening to me’
‘my dog doesn’t come when called’
‘my dog is being ‘naughty’ (or ‘disobedient’)’
‘my dog has stopped eating their food (or won’t take treats during training)’
‘my dog has started toileting in the house again’
‘my dog has started nipping me again’.

Being a teenager is a difficult time! And it isn’t any different for our dogs.

It's important to remember that none of the behaviours that we find undesirable are performed deliberately. Our dogs do not purposefully set out to give us a hard time. The behaviours are performed (or not as the case may be) as a result of our dogs’ internal emotional state.

Neurological and hormonal changes to the brain and body can often mean that our dogs feel anxious, frustrated, struggle to navigate the world around them, and lose their confidence. The emotional part of the brain inhibits the thinking part of the brain, which means they can forget their learning, find it difficult to concentrate on new tasks, and find it difficult to regulate their behaviour.

Don’t we also sometimes behave impulsively or find it difficult to concentrate when we’re feeling emotive? Haven’t we all perhaps read the same page of a book three times without the words going in because we feel sad, anxious, stressed or excited about something? It’s the same for our dogs. Unless they're in a calm frame of mind, it’s difficult for them to concentrate or regulate their behaviour.

Behind every behaviour there’s an emotion, and behind every emotion there’s a need. When we meet our dogs’ needs they are emotionally balanced, and in a much better frame of mind to regulate their own behaviour.

Some simple lifestyle changes and management of Bow’s environment have been enough to better meet his needs in just a few short weeks. He’s had a top up on his training at home, and has been engaging in plenty of activities that have helped to both calm him, and boost his confidence.

His dad reports that he’s now been invited to join an advanced training class because he’s learning so quickly; which is really super. Well done Bow!

09/09/2020

PLAY! What Should It Look Like?

Dogs are social beings, and they love to play! Some, only with their humans of course, but many, also with other dogs. Social contact (human or dog) and opportunities for play are crucial to our dogs' well-being.

Many dogs lack the opportunity to say 'hello' or play with others due to misunderstandings about canine communication and what real play actually looks like.

Can play appear rough or 'aggressive'? Absolutely. Is this normal? Absolutely. Can you differentiate between play and fighting? Absolutely; if you know what to look for.

It takes practise and confidence, and it's perfectly understandable that some guardians are hesitant to allow their dogs to play.

Dogs communicate their intentions for play using meta signals. These signals allow our dogs to 'pretend', if you like. A meta signal will be performed before a round of play as if to say 'I'm only joking' or 'this isn't to be taken seriously'.

So What Should You Look For?

PLAY BOW - elbows down and bottom in the air. The most common signal and the easiest to interpret. It's used to initiate play, but also as a 'time out' to take a break; helping to manage arousal levels. It might also be performed just before a more ’aggressive’ play move.

BOUNCY MOVEMENTS - light on their feet, dogs move back and forth with 'rocking horse' type movements.

PAUSING - it's good to take a breather and manage arousal levels.

START STOPS - quick moving mini bows to elicit a reaction - 'let's go!'

PLAY FACE - the face (and general body language) is neutral, happy, and relaxed.

PLAY LAUGH - exhalation bursts from a wide relaxed mouth, that are different to panting.

ROLE REVERSAL - dogs take it in turns to 'give' and 'receive' the more aggressive play behaviours such chasing, mounting, pinning down, chin overs, growling, biting, and body slams.

SELF HANDICAPPING - one dog gives the other the advantage; inhibiting the force of their play behaviours, 'backing down' or 'giving in', and perhaps rolling onto their back.

This is a lovely example of gentle play. It fills my heart with joy that my once fearful dog, now has the skills and confidence to enjoy frolicking on a beach with others; fleeting moments of friendship found on holiday, like kids playing by a pool, probably forgotten about by the time someone else comes along or the ice creams come out. (We had a pasty. It was a sunny, but chilly October day on this beautiful Cornish beach.)

There are start stops, pauses, and bouncy movements; but also some nipping, barking, slamming and chasing. Both dogs are relaxed and having fun. Lovely mutual play bow at 31 seconds; like a little dance. A couple of little adrenaline shake offs. Not a huge amount of role reversal with the chasing, and we clearly had to call Megan away once her friend had had enough. Strong connection with our dogs and a good recall are important; should we need to call them away.

REMEBER:
🐶 always seek permission from the other dog's guardian before allowing your dog to approach - the other dog may not wish to play, or may even be fearful of other dogs. Never let your dog approach off lead without agreement from the other party;

🐶 always supervise - watch both dogs' body language for mutual consent to play; intervention may be necessary. Does the other dog understand our own dog’s intention? Has the other dog had enough? Not all dogs are good communicators nor good at reading others’ communications. It’s our responsibility to make sure that both dogs are happy and having fun, not just our own. Build your connection with your dog and practise recall skills, so that you can call them away if you need to;

🐶 if you simply wish to say a quick 'hello' and not engage in play, always observe the 3 second rule, reconnect with your dog, and encourage them away;

🐶 try to relax! Easier said than done I know, but if we are anxious, our dogs are anxious;

🐶 play with other dogs is a choice, and not all dogs want to play, and that's fine. Many dogs are more content with human company anyway.

(This is a very brief post about dog play and is not intended as a substitute for more indepth advice or an assessment of your own dog’s behaviour. Dog to dog aggression is a serious matter, so if you’re in any doubt whatsoever about canine communication or your own dog’s behaviour, please seek professional advice from a qualified and force free behaviourist.)

WELFARE can be defined as the health, happiness, comfort, fortune, and care that a person, or in this case an animal, en...
02/06/2020

WELFARE can be defined as the health, happiness, comfort, fortune, and care that a person, or in this case an animal, enjoys.

These words are important, because adequate welfare is missing from so many dogs' lives, despite the fact that they have rights conferred by law.

It isn’t surprising that so few people have heard of the Animal Welfare Act 2006. Why would they? It’s poorly publicised, and I’ve never once seen any information in a pet supplies store or veterinary surgery.

The provisions of the Act might seem fairly obvious… to feed our dogs, and give them a bed... (and perhaps that’s why it’s never publicised), but how many of us really pay enough attention to our dogs' behaviour to determine whether or not they are happy, healthy, comfortable, pain free, and safe?

I see too many dogs that do not enjoy even the most basic welfare rights.

The ANIMAL WELFARE ACT 2006 (the ‘Five Freedoms’) are the following, including examples of how they might be interpreted and applied:

⭐️ Freedom from hunger and thirst -
e.g. fresh clean drinking water (changed twice daily), and access to regular meals (twice daily), in clean bowls. I see many posts on social media about washing dogs’ bowls ‘at least once a week' due to bacteria build up, but wouldn’t it be nicer to wash them every day? I’m not sure many of us use our own crockery for an entire week before washing it;

⭐️ Freedom from discomfort (provision of shelter) -
e.g. clean and comfortable bedding for our dogs to arrange in a way they see fit, and in an environment free from the extremes of hot and cold. An empty plastic bed is not comfortable, does not allow for all positions that a dog may wish to rest in, and worse still, I’ve seen beds (and crates) that are so small for the size of the dog that they compromise skeletal health. If a dog is an avid chewer, there is a reason for this, and it should be addressed.

⭐️ Freedom from pain, injury, and disease -
e.g. regular health checks (at home and the vet), and regular vaccinations and ‘spot on’ treatments. Let's include in this freedom from aversive tools and training methods, which cause physical and psychological suffering;

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY AVERSIVE?
An aversive is any unpleasant stimuli that encourages a behaviour change through punishment. Most people have heard of choke collars, shock collars, prong collars, and choose to stay well away from them for obvious reasons; but what about slip leads, half check collars, head halters, muzzles (not ideal but necessary in extenuating circumstances), spray (citronella) collars, blasts of water, horns, pet corrector sprays, jars of pebbles, training discs, bunches of keys, shouting, smacking, jerking the collar, and physical manipulation?

⭐️ Freedom to express natural behaviours -
digging, barking, chewing, sniffing, foraging, nesting (amongst others) are not ‘naughty’ behaviours, they’re natural behaviours. Dogs have an ethological and physiological need to perform these behaviours, and it's important that we provide an outlet for expressing them. As a side note, dogs do not have a concept of ‘naughty’. All behaviours performed are a reflection of a dog’s internal emotional state;

⭐️ Freedom to live with, or apart from, other animals -
this includes other dogs, other pets, and humans big and small! Baby gates, pens, dens etc. can provide our dogs with the space or retreat they need. Our dogs needs a place to get away from it all. Don’t we all?

These are just the basics. There are so many ways to ensure the very best well-being, and welfare, for our dogs.

Please feel free to contact me for further information.

WELFARE can be defined as the health, happiness, comfort, fortune, and care that a person, or in this case an animal, en...
27/05/2020

WELFARE can be defined as the health, happiness, comfort, fortune, and care that a person, or in this case an animal, enjoys.

These words are important, because adequate welfare is missing from so many dogs' lives, despite the fact that they have rights conferred by law.

It isn’t surprising that so few people have heard of the Animal Welfare Act 2006. Why would they? It’s poorly publicised, and I’ve never once seen any information in a pet supplies store or veterinary surgery.

The provisions of the Act might seem fairly obvious… to feed our dogs, and give them a bed... (and perhaps that’s why it’s never publicised), but how many of us really pay enough attention to our dogs' behaviour to determine whether or not they are happy, healthy, comfortable, pain free, and safe?

I see too many dogs that do not enjoy even the most basic welfare rights.

The ANIMAL WELFARE ACT 2006 (the ‘Five Freedoms’) are the following, including examples of how they might be interpreted and applied:

⭐️ Freedom from hunger and thirst -
e.g. fresh clean drinking water (changed twice daily), and access to regular meals (twice daily), in clean bowls. I see many posts on social media about washing dogs’ bowls ‘at least once a week' due to bacteria build up, but wouldn’t it be nicer to wash them every day? I’m not sure many of us use our own crockery for an entire week before washing it;

⭐️ Freedom from discomfort (provision of shelter) -
e.g. clean and comfortable bedding for our dogs to arrange in a way they see fit, and in an environment free from the extremes of hot and cold. An empty plastic bed is not comfortable, does not allow for all positions that a dog may wish to rest in, and worse still, I’ve seen beds (and crates) that are so small for the size of the dog that they compromise skeletal health. If a dog is an avid chewer, there is a reason for this, and it should be addressed.

⭐️ Freedom from pain, injury, and disease -
e.g. regular health checks (at home and the vet), and regular vaccinations and ‘spot on’ treatments. Lets include in this freedom from aversive tools and training methods;

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY AVERSIVE?
An aversive is any unpleasant stimuli that encourages a behaviour change through punishment. Most people have heard of choke collars, shock collars, prong collars, and choose to stay well away from them for obvious reasons; but what about slip leads, half check collars, head halters, muzzles (not ideal but necessary in extenuating circumstances), spray (citronella) collars, blasts of water, horns, pet corrector sprays, jars of pebbles, training discs, bunches of keys, shouting, smacking, jerking the collar, and physical manipulation?

⭐️ Freedom to express natural behaviours -
digging, barking, chewing, sniffing, foraging, nesting (amongst others) are not ‘naughty’ behaviours, they’re natural behaviours. Dogs have an ethological and physiological need to perform these behaviours, and it's important that we provide an outlet for expressing them. As a side note, dogs do not have a concept of ‘naughty’. All behaviours performed are a reflection of a dog’s internal emotional state;

⭐️ Freedom to live with, or apart from, other animals -
this includes other dogs, other pets, and humans big and small! Baby gates, pens, dens etc. can provide our dogs with the space or retreat they need. Our dogs needs a place to get away from it all. Don’t we all?

These are just the basics. There are so many ways to ensure the very best well-being, and welfare, for our dogs.

Please feel free to contact me for further information.

Luna, learning to love her 'feel good' 'safe place'.All dogs need a place of retreat; to feel safe, or to simply enjoy s...
05/05/2020

Luna, learning to love her 'feel good' 'safe place'.

All dogs need a place of retreat; to feel safe, or to simply enjoy some time to themselves.

For some it's a bed, for some it's a crate with the door left open, for some it's a den, and for some it's being up off the ground.

For Luna, it's a pen with lots of cosy blankets and her favourite toys.

Luna's family includes young children. The joy of a young family brings with it a lot of noise, and many changes to the environment, so it's important that she has somewhere to go when she needs a break from a busy household.

To encourage Luna to use this space and see it as a place of relaxation, we need to build a positive association with it.

We're building the ‘feel good factor’ by allowing Luna the freedom to choose when she enters and exits the pen, and pairing the experience with some tasty rewards for her offered behaviour. At no time are we asking, forcing, or 'bribing' Luna to enter her pen, nor are we shutting the door on her; the door is always left open so that she can come and go as she pleases.

Because Luna is never forced into her pen, she trusts that it’s a safe, calm, and enjoyable place to relax in; and will use it voluntarily. We want Luna to love her pen, not fear or simply tolerate it.

Our dogs' 'safe place' should be respected by everyone in the home. They should not be disturbed, joined by others, or encouraged out of that space when using it.

Pens and crates with the door shut, are, on some occasions, necessary for the safety of our dogs; after surgery for example, or for transportation; but they should never be used for punishment nor as a substitute for other behaviour modification.

With the right training, we can teach our dogs to love their pens and crates for the odd occasion when the door does need to be closed.

Positive reinforcement = positive association = positive result.

If they love it, they'll use it.

Rita and Leo. Leo suffers with both separation anxiety, and isolation anxiety.'Separation Anxiety' is a generalised term...
14/11/2019

Rita and Leo.

Leo suffers with both separation anxiety, and isolation anxiety.

'Separation Anxiety' is a generalised term often used to describe both of these conditions; so what's the difference?

Isolation anxiety means that a dog does not want to be left on his/her own at all, and that any old human will do for company; whereas true separation anxiety means that a dog is very closely bonded to one or two specific people, and will still experience anxiety, even if another human is present whilst the main attachment figure is absent.

Leo finds it difficult to be home alone, but can become equally as anxious when mum is absent, but dad and the children are still at home with him.

Rita experiences neither type of anxiety, and is more than happy in her own company for a while; whilst Leo finds no comfort at all in Rita being there with him.

Not the case for Leo’s family, as they simply wanted to adopt another dog (Rita was already there), but many clients do ask whether introducing a second dog into the home will help their existing dog’s isolation/separation anxiety; and the answer is no, more than likely not, because both of these anxieties are largely human centric.

Whilst a second dog can sometimes help, there is absolutely no guarantee, and this is not reason enough alone to bring another dog into the home.

When we think about separation anxiety we often think about leaving the house, but for many, the reality is not even being able to move from one room to the next without a furry friend in tow - quite literally; therefore it’s essential that any programme of behaviour modification starts inside the house, before we even think about leaving it.

For Leo, the first steps include learning to really love a 'feel good' 'safe place' (bed, mat, sofa, pen with the door open/off etc.); engaging in plenty of activities that are both confidence boosting and calming; and systematically learning to be comfortable in his own company in another room of the house.

When he’s feeling more confident, he’ll then move on to a programme of systematic desensitisation and counter conditioning to being left in the house alone, starting with very short periods (seconds if necessary), and then a gradual build in duration.

All dogs need to feel safe, and the panic can only be removed or alleviated by building trust, taking the training at our dogs’ pace and not our own (working 'below threshold'), and using reward based training methods only. If destructive behaviours or inappropriate toileting is present, these are behaviours that cannot be helped, are not deliberate, are a reflection of our dogs’ internal emotional state, and do not deserve to be punished.

Great work from Leo and his family today. We finished the session by relaxing with a lovely autumnal stroll and some scent work. Piles of autumn leaves are the perfect mental enrichment opportunity! 🍁🍂🍃

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