
26/07/2025
🐾 Ruff Retreat | Pet First Aid Guide
Because they’re family — and every second counts.
🌿 Recognising an Emergency
Call your vet immediately if your dog:
• Isn’t breathing or is struggling to breathe
• Is unresponsive or unconscious
• Collapses and can’t get up
• Is choking or gagging without clearing
• Has a seizure or persistent shaking
• Bleeds heavily or has a deep wound
• May have eaten something toxic
• Can’t urinate or strains without results
• Was hit by a car or suffered trauma
• Shows signs of electrocution (e.g. chewed cables)
• Is having a severe allergic reaction
If in doubt, call your vet. Always.
🧘♀️ First Things First: Stay Calm:
• Speak gently to soothe your dog
• Avoid sudden movements — scared dogs may lash out
• Keep them warm and still
• Never give food or water unless advised
• Note everything you’ve seen — it helps your vet assess quickly
📞 Immediate Actions:
• Call your vet with full details
• Follow their instructions (they may refer you to an emergency clinic)
• Transport your dog safely using a blanket or carrier
• Keep vet and emergency contacts saved and written down
🛑 ABCs of Collapse:
• A – Airway: Pull the tongue forward. Check for anything blocking the throat.
• B – Breathing: Look for chest movement. Feel for airflow at the nose.
• C – Circulation: Feel for a heartbeat behind the left elbow.
No breathing or heartbeat? Begin CPR immediately.
💓 CPR for Dogs:
• Lay your dog on their right side on a flat surface
• Chest compressions: Use both hands (or one for small dogs) — 2 per second
• After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths
• Extend the neck, close the mouth, seal nostrils, and blow gently
• Repeat the 30:2 cycle
• Check for heartbeat every 2 minutes
• Keep your vet on the line if possible
📺 Watch this UK demonstration: How to Save Your Dog’s Life | This Morning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2SdXN1a5Gc
😮💨 What to Do If Your Dog Is Choking:
• Open the mouth gently and remove visible objects with blunt tweezers
• If breathing is still blocked, use abdominal thrusts or back slaps based on dog size:
◾ Standard Abdominal Thrusts:
• Stand behind your dog
• Wrap your arms under their belly
• Make a fist just behind the ribcage
• Deliver up to 5 sharp upward thrusts
• Check the mouth between attempts
◾ Unconscious Dogs (Start CPR Position)
• Lay your dog on their right side — this gives the best access to the airway and chest
• Kneel behind the torso
• Give firm, inward and upward abdominal thrusts just behind the ribs
• Recheck the airway
• Begin CPR immediately if your dog is not breathing or has no heartbeat
◾ Small Dog Variation: Wheelbarrow Method
• Gently lift the back legs, tilting the dog forward like a wheelbarrow
• Deliver up to 5 firm back slaps between the shoulder blades
• Follow with 5 abdominal thrusts behind the ribs if needed
• Check the mouth after each attempt
⚠️ Important: While these techniques can potentially cause internal injuries, they are accepted emergency procedures when a dog cannot breathe and is at risk of death. The risk of doing nothing outweighs the risk of injury. Always contact your vet after any choking incident, even if your dog seems fine.
🐕 Moving an Injured Dog:
• Support the head, spine, and hips
• Use a towel or board as a stretcher
• Don’t move your dog if a spinal injury is suspected — call your vet
• Transport using a seatbelt harness or secure carrier
🩹 Treating Wounds:
• Small cuts: Rinse gently with lukewarm water
• Heavy bleeding: Apply pressure using clean fabric or gauze
• Foreign objects (like glass): Don’t remove — cover loosely and go to your vet
• Watch for swelling, redness, or discharge during healing
🌡️ Heatstroke in Dogs:
Warning Signs:
• Rapid or laboured panting
• Bright red gums
• Weakness or collapse
• Vomiting or trembling
What to Do:
• Move your dog into shade or a cool area
• Pour cool (not cold) water over their coat
• Offer small sips of water
• Use a fan or open windows to help them cool
• Never cover with wet towels — it traps heat
📞 Call your vet while cooling. Heatstroke can be fatal.
🧳 What to Include in Your First Aid Kit:
• Pet-safe antiseptic wipes and wound wash
• Non-stick dressings and soft bandages
• Microporous tape, cotton pads
• Tick remover & tweezers
• Blunt-ended scissors
• Gloves
• Foil emergency blanket
• Towel or sling stretcher
• Muzzle & spare lead
• First aid guide (print this!)
• Microchip info & vet contacts
🏡 Everyday Safety Reminders:
• Store medications and cleaning products securely
• Block access to food bins or compost
• Be aware of toxic foods (see below)
• Remove dangerous plants: daffodils, lilies, tulips
• Check toys regularly for small parts or loose stitching
🍽️ Foods That Are Toxic to Dogs:
Certain foods can be dangerous or even life-threatening to dogs. It’s best to assume any wild, untagged, or unfamiliar food is unsafe. Below is a categorised summary of hazardous foods, compiled from trusted UK veterinary and animal welfare sources.
❌ Highly Toxic – Even in Small Amounts:
• Grapes, Raisins & Sultanas — risk of acute kidney failure with even tiny amounts.
• Chocolate & Cocoa — toxic due to theobromine and caffeine; affects heart and nervous system.
• Xylitol (artificial sweetener) — found in sugar-free gum, sweets, baked goods, peanut butter.
• Onions, Garlic, Chives, Leeks — cause oxidative damage to red blood cells.
• Macadamia Nuts — cause weakness, tremors, vomiting.
• Alcohol — toxic even in small amounts; causes vomiting, seizures, respiratory collapse.
• Caffeine (coffee, tea, energy drinks) — causes tremors, rapid heart rate, seizures.
⚠️ Moderately Toxic – Harmful in Larger Quantities:
• Avocado — contains persin; high fat content may cause diarrhoea or pancreatitis.
• Raw Bread Dough or Yeast — expands in the stomach; produces gas and alcohol.
• Mouldy or Spoiled Foods — risk of mycotoxins affecting liver and kidneys.
• Cooked Bones & Corn Cobs — choking hazard; can splinter and cause internal damage.
• Fat Trimmings & Greasy Foods — may trigger pancreatitis.
🚫 Other Harmful Foods & Substances:
• Wild Mushrooms — some species cause seizures, liver failure, or death.
• Walnuts, Pistachios, Pecans, Almonds — high in fat; choking risk; some may carry mould toxins.
• Fruit Pits and Seeds — many contain cyanide (cherry, plum, peach, apricot).
• Nutmeg — can cause tremors, seizures, and nervous system effects.
• Mustard Seeds/Powder & Other Spices — cause gastrointestinal irritation.
• Hops — may cause malignant hyperthermia and fatal reactions.
• Excess Salt & Salty Snacks — can cause sodium poisoning and kidney strain.
✅ Safe Dog-Friendly Treats (in moderation):
• 🥕 Carrots — crunchy, low-calorie
• 🫐 Blueberries — antioxidant-rich
• 🥒 Cucumber — hydrating and gentle on digestion
• 🍠 Cooked sweet potato (no additives)
• 🐟 Plain cooked white fish (deboned)
• 🐓 Plain cooked chicken or turkey (no skin or bones)
🎓 Why Every Dog Owner Should Learn First Aid:
This guide is a trusted starting point — but nothing replaces hands-on training when it comes to handling real-life emergencies calmly and confidently.
• A few minutes of correct CPR can double a dog's chance of survival
• Knowing the difference between choking and coughing could save a life
• Handling wounds, seizures, or heatstroke properly makes a huge difference before you reach the vet
📚 We Recommend Taking a Certified Canine First Aid Course:
Look for in-person or online courses led by qualified pet first aid trainers. You’ll get step-by-step coaching on:
• Dog CPR & rescue breathing
• Choking and trauma handling
• Bleeding, seizures, burns & poisoning
• How to respond in real emergencies with calm, capable care
🐾 Where to Start
Check out trusted UK-based providers such as:
• Dog First Aid Training UK – https://www.dog-first-aid.com
• Animal Aiders – https://www.animalaiders.co.uk
• PDSA Pet First Aid Resources – https://www.pdsa.org.uk
• Your local vet clinic may also offer workshops!
Learning first aid isn’t just for emergencies — it brings peace of mind during everyday life, from daily walks to holidays and everything in between.
💬 Final Words of Calm:
Print this. Save it. Share it. Whether you're at home or out walking — knowing what to do in a crisis gives your dog their best chance.
Preparation is powerful. And you’re never alone — Ruff Retreat is here for you.
With calm, care, and a wagging tail,
The Ruff Retreat Team