18/01/2025
Understanding Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV) in Dogs
Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is a critical and life-threatening condition that predominantly affects large, deep-chested dogs. Although it can occur in any dog, certain breeds and conditions significantly increase the risk.
What is Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus?
In its early stages, GDV begins with the stomach filling with gas, leading to a condition known as gastric dilatation or "bloat." If the situation escalates, the stomach may twist upon itself, resulting in volvulus. This twist blocks both the entrance and exit of the stomach, creating a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention.
Causes of GDV
The exact cause of GDV remains unknown, but several factors are suspected to contribute:
Breed and Physical Traits: Large, deep-chested breeds, particularly males, are more susceptible.
Dietary Habits: Exercise following large meals or the consumption of large amounts of water can increase risk.
Stress and Temperament: Anxiety and stress may contribute to GDV; relaxed dogs are at a lower risk.
Intestinal Motion: Illnesses reducing intestinal motion can lead to stomach dilation and potential volvulus.
Age: While older dogs are more susceptible, young dogs can be affected too.
Is GDV Serious?
Yes, GDV is one of the most serious non-traumatic conditions in dogs, necessitating immediate veterinary attention to save the dog's life.
Breeds Prone to GDV
While any dog can experience GDV, certain breeds are particularly predisposed:
Great Danes
Saint Bernards
Weimaraners
Irish Setters
Gordon Setters
Standard Poodles
Basset Hounds
Doberman Pinschers
Old English Sheepdogs
Belgian Malinois
German Shepherds
It's noteworthy that even smaller breeds like Dachshunds and Chihuahuas can be affected.
Recognizing GDV
Signs of GDV include:
A visibly bloated abdomen, often more pronounced on the left side.
Gagging and only throwing up white foam.
Hollow, drum-like sounds upon gently tapping the swollen area.
Labored breathing due to pressure on the diaphragm.
Circulatory compromise leading to systemic shock and eventual collapse as the dog lies on its side.
Factors Influencing GDV Risk
Increasing Risk:
Feeding only once a day
Family history of bloat
Rapid eating
Being thin or underweight
Anxious or nervous temperament
History of aggression
Male gender
Older age (above 7 years)
Eating moistened dry food
Decreasing Risk:
Eating multiple small meals daily
Including canned dog food in the diet
Relaxed temperament
Feeding dry food with calcium-rich meat meals
Diagnosis and Treatment
Distinguishing between gastric dilatation (GD) and GDV by appearance alone is impossible; X-rays and diagnostic tests are essential. GDV causes the stomach to press on large abdominal veins, hindering blood flow and leading to systemic shock and tissue death.
Surgical Prevention: Gastropexy
A gastropexy is a preventive surgical procedure that can be performed on predisposed breeds or as part of GDV management to prevent recurrence. This surgery secures the stomach in place, minimizing the risk of twisting.
In conclusion, GDV is a severe condition needing prompt attention. Understanding the risk factors and symptoms can aid in early detection and treatment, potentially saving your dog's life. The recovery time after GDV surgery is about a month if your dog is fortunate enough to survive. The recovery time for a gastropexy is about 10 days, with your dog often returning to normal activities by the second day. It is strongly recommended to consider elective gastropexy at the time of desexing or by 12 months if you don’t plan to desex.
Having lost dogs to GDV both before and after surgery in the past, it is a horrible thing to witness, and it progresses quickly. Immediate veterinary intervention is the only hope, and the success depends on how much damage has already been done.
